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Optics Letters

Tunable asymmetrical Fano resonance and bistability in a microcavity-resonator-coupled Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Ying Lu, Jianquan Yao, Xifu Li, Peng Wang

Published Nov 15, 2005• 83 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a simple microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and a phase shifter is introduced into the other arm, to produce an asymmetric Fano-resonance line shape. In this system, a phase shifter is used to control the variation of the asymmetric line shape, with another reverse resonance next to a resonance minimum over a very narrow frequency range, which results from the interference between a direct channel and a high-Q resonance indirect channel. We also theoretically investigate the novel bistability characteristic based on these shapes.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.003069

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We propose a simple microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and a phase shifter is introduced into the other arm, to produce an asymmetric Fano-resonance line shape. In this system, a phase shifter is used to control the variation of the asymmetric line shape, with another reverse resonance next to a resonance minimum over a very narrow frequency range, which results from the interference between a direct channel and a high-Q resonance indirect channel. We also theoretically investigate the novel bistability characteristic based on these shapes.
We propose a microresonator scheme for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which a microresonator is side coupled to one arm and the other is inserted in the other arm, to produce coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) and absorption (CRIA) effects. In this system, CRIT and CRIA effects with one effect next to another over a frequency range when two microresonators are identical and Fano-resonance line shape when the sizes of two microresonators are unequal are achieved. We also theoretically investigate the improving optical bistability characteristic based on CRIT.
We achieve Fano-like resonances in an all-in-fiber structure embedded with an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). A fiber Bragg grating is inserted into MZI's one arm to form a resonance, which functions as the discrete state of the Fano-like resonance to couple with the continuum propagating mode of MZI in the fiber core. A theoretical model predicts the controllable resonance lineshape by changing the phase difference between the MZI's two interference pathways. Fano-like resonances with an extinction ratio over 20 dB are experimentally observed, which are reliably tuned into Lorentzian and electromagnetically induced transparency-like resonances by versatile methods. The realization of Fano-like resonances with broad tunability in this all-in-fiber structure holds potentials in fiber-based applications of sensing, signal processing and nonlinear optics.
This study demonstrates the generation of a tunable all-fiber Fano resonance comb by incorporating a 10° tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) into an all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The TFBG generates the discrete state that couples with the continuum state of the MZI to produce all-fiber Fano resonance comb spanning an 80 nm spectral range. This system exhibits precise tunability, enabling continuous transitions among asymmetric Fano line shape, symmetric electromagnetically induced transparency, and electromagnetically induced absorption line shapes. The results also demonstrate that key spectral parameters, including the Fano parameter q , slope rate, and extinction ratio, exhibit periodic variation. The proposed approach offers a robust, low-loss, and scalable solution for multi-Fano resonance generation and holds promise for applications of high-sensitivity sensing and optical switching.
We consider nonlinear Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer in which supports the nonlinear Fano resonances. Based on the introduced figure of merit, we demonstrate that the nonlinear Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer could enhance the nonlinear response up to two orders of magnitude and produce the nearly perfect dynamical bistable response compared to standard Fano resonance geometry. The enhanced resonance excitation in the nonlinear Fano defect and the step-function like linear transmission suggest that the Mach-Zehnder-Fano interferometer could be a suitable candidate involving in nonlinear manipulation of the Fano resonance. We confirm the significant enhancement of the nonlinear sensitivity both in stationary and dynamic manners. We further suggest a nonlinear photonic crystal circuit as one of the possibilities to realize our results.
Interferometry is an indispensable tool across all the natural sciences. Recently, a new type of interferometer based on phase-sensitive Fano resonances has been proposed and implemented. In these Fano interferometers, the two arms are formed by a spectrally broad continuum channel, and a spectrally narrow resonant bound state scattering channel, respectively. We show that the textbook relation between interference visibility and coherence known from double-slit- or Mach-Zehnder-interferometers does not apply to Fano interferometers, because the physical origin of the interference extrema is different. We then show how instead the asymmetry of Fano spectra can be exploited to quantify coherence in Fano interferometers.
This paper presents theoretical investigations on a new ring cavity-coupled scheme of a Michelson interferometer with a linear loop mirror, which has the attraction of low loss and high stability due to the closed geometry. The optical transmission response is modeled using a scattering matrix approach and analytical expressions are derived. This single ring cavity-coupled system exhibits optical Fano resonance features and significantly enhances the switching sensitivity to the cavity detuning required for a large ON/OFF contrast ratio. The evolution of Fano-like interference and the effect of ring cavity confinement on the Fano-like resonance are studied numerically. Furthermore, optical bistability and multi-bistability are demonstrated by introducing Kerr nonlinearity inside the ring cavity. The shape and polarity of hysteresis loops are easily controllable by adjusting the phase compensation of the direct channel, while the switching thresholds are affected remarkably by the linear phase shift of the ring cavity. The simple structure of the single cavity-coupled interferometer will be important for practical applications in optical sensors, all-optical switches and logic function elements.