Action at distance in Newtonian physics is replaced by finite propagation speeds in classical post-Newtonian physics.As a result, the differential equations of motion in Newtonian physics are replaced by functional differential equations, where the delay associated with the finite propagation speed is taken into account.Newtonian equations of motion, with post-Newtonian corrections, are often used to approximate the functional differential equations.Are the finite propagation speeds the origin of the quantum mechanics?In this work a simple atomic model based on a functional differential equation which reproduces the quantized Bohr atomic model is presented.As straightforward application of the result the fine structure of the hydrogen atom is approached.
Introduction and review of quantum mechanics: Review of Quantum Mechanics.- The Density Matrix.- Force on Two-Level Atoms.- Multi-Level Atoms.- General Properties Concerning Laser Cooling. Cooling and Trapping: Deceleration of an Atomic Beam.- Optical Molasses.- Cooling Below the Doppler Limit.- The Dipole Force.- Magentic Trapping of Neutral Atoms.- Optical Traps for Neutral Atoms.- Evaporative Cooling. Applications: Newtonian Atom Optics.- Ultra-Cold Collisions.- deBrooglie-Wave Optics.- Optical Lattices.- Bose -Einstein Condensation.- Dark States.