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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Nano-stratification of local field and atomic bistability in low-dimensional structures

A. E. Kaplan, S. N. Volkov

Published May 1, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Nano-scale strata due to broken uniformity of local field in strongly self-interacting low-dimensional structures are predicted. They result in giant field resonances and atomic optical bistability, including ultimate case of two coupled atoms.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2008.4552009

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We predict nanoscale field and dipole patterns due to the broken uniformity of a laser-driven local field in 1D and 2D lattices. They may result in size-related resonances and large field enhancement, which in turn can give rise to low-intensity nonlinear optical effects, e.g., optical bistability, even in the ultimate case of a pair of coupled atoms. At certain, "magic" numbers and configurations of atoms in a lattice, the system may exhibit the self-induced cancellation of the suppression of a local field.
The major assumption of the Lorentz-Lorenz theory about uniformity of local fields and atomic polarization in dense material does not hold in finite groups of atoms, as we reported earlier [A. E. Kaplan and S. N. Volkov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 133902 (2008)]. The uniformity is broken at subwavelength scale, where the system may exhibit strong stratification of local field and dipole polarization, with the strata period being much shorter than the incident wavelength. In this paper, we further develop and advance that theory for the most fundamental case of one-dimensional arrays, and study nanoscale excitation of so-called ``locsitons'' (local field excitations) and their standing waves (strata) that result in size-related resonances and related large field enhancement in finite arrays of atoms. The locsitons may have a whole spectrum of spatial frequencies, ranging from long waves, to an extent reminiscent of ferromagnetic domains, to supershort waves, with neighboring atoms alternating their polarizations, which are reminiscent of antiferromagnetic spin patterns. Of great interest is the different kind of ``hybrid'' mode of excitation, greatly departing from any magnetic analogies. We also study differences between Ising-type near-neighbor approximation and the case where each atom interacts with all other atoms in the array. We find an infinite number of ``exponential eigenmodes'' in the lossless system in the latter case. At certain ``magic'' numbers of atoms in the array, the system may exhibit self-induced (but linear in the field) cancellation of resonant local-field suppression. We also studied nonlinear modes of locsitons and found optical bistability and hysteresis in an infinite array for the simplest modes.
Поведение локальных полей в нанорешётках из сильно взаимодействующих атомов: наностраты, гигантские резонансы, "магические" числа и оптическая бистабильность, Каплан А.Е., Волков С.Н.
We study excitations of the local field (locsitons) in nanoscale two-dimensional (2D) lattices of strongly interacting resonant atoms and various unusual effects associated with them. Locsitons in low-dimensional systems and the resulting spatial strata and more complex patterns on a scale of just a few atoms were predicted by us earlier [A. E. Kaplan and S. N. Volkov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 133902 (2008)]. These effects present a radical departure from the classical Lorentz-Lorenz theory of the local field (LF), which assumes that the LF is virtually uniform on this scale. We demonstrate that the strata and patterns in the 2D lattices may be described as an interference of plane-wave locsitons, build an analytic model for such unbounded locsitons, and derive and analyze dispersion relations for the locsitons in an equilateral triangular lattice. We draw useful analogies between 1D and 2D locsitons but also show that the 2D case enables locsitons with the most diverse and unusual properties. Using the nearest-neighbor approximation, we find the locsiton frequency band for different mutual orientations of the lattice and the incident field. We demonstrate a formation of distinct vector locsiton patterns consisting of multiple vortices in the LF distribution and suggest a way to design finite 2D lattices that exhibit such patterns at certain frequencies. We illustrate the role of lattice defects in supporting localized locsitons and also demonstrate the existence of ``magic shapes,'' for which the LF suppression at the exact atomic resonance is canceled.