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International Journal of Quantum Information

Quantum state transfer in XXZ spin chains: A measurement induced transport method

Sima Pouyandeh, Farhad Shahbazi

Published May 25, 2015• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the information transferring ability of a spin-1∕2 XXZ Hamiltonian for two different proposals of state transfer, namely, the well-studied attaching scenario and the recently proposed measurement induced transport. The latter one has been inspired by recent achievements in optical lattice experiments for local addressability of individual atoms and their time evolution when only local rotations and measurements are available and local control of the Hamiltonian is very limited. We show that while the both scenarios performs with almost similar quality in the case of non-interacting free fermionic XX phase, the difference become more pronounced around the isotropic Heisenberg point. Our study shows that the presence of spin-flip symmetry plays a key point in the quality of state transfer and each scenario which benefits from this symmetry transfers the quantum states with higher fidelity. In fact, for even chains this symmetry exists only for the measurement induced dynamics which then gives higher transport quality and for odd chains the spin-flip symmetry is only valid for the attaching scenarios which become more superior. We also study the effect of thermal fluctuations and environmental interactions on both scenarios.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749915500306

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We study the information transferring ability of a spin-1∕2 XXZ Hamiltonian for two different proposals of state transfer, namely, the well-studied attaching scenario and the recently proposed measurement induced transport. The latter one has been inspired by recent achievements in optical lattice experiments for local addressability of individual atoms and their time evolution when only local rotations and measurements are available and local control of the Hamiltonian is very limited. We show that while the both scenarios performs with almost similar quality in the case of non-interacting free fermionic XX phase, the difference become more pronounced around the isotropic Heisenberg point. Our study shows that the presence of spin-flip symmetry plays a key point in the quality of state transfer and each scenario which benefits from this symmetry transfers the quantum states with higher fidelity. In fact, for even chains this symmetry exists only for the measurement induced dynamics which then gives higher transport quality and for odd chains the spin-flip symmetry is only valid for the attaching scenarios which become more superior. We also study the effect of thermal fluctuations and environmental interactions on both scenarios.
We study the information transferring ability of a spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian for two different modes of state transfer, namely, the well studied attaching scenario and the recently proposed measurement induced transport. The latter one has been inspired by recent achievements in optical lattice experiments for local addressability of individual atoms and their time evolution when only local rotations and measurements are available and local control of the Hamiltonian is very limited. We show that while measurement induced transport gives higher fidelity for quantum state transfer around the isotropic Heisenberg point, its superiority is less pronounced in non-interacting free fermionic XX phase. Moreover, we study the quality of state transfer in the presence of thermal fluctuations and environmental interactions and show that measurement scheme gives higher fidelity for low temperatures and weak interaction with environment.
We present a protocol for quantum state transfer and remote state preparation across spin chains which operate in their antiferromagnetic mode. The proposed mechanism harnesses the inherent entanglement of the ground state of the strongly correlated many-body systems which naturally exists for free. The uniform Hamiltonian of the system does not need any engineering and, during the whole process, remains intact while a single-qubit measurement followed by a single-qubit rotation are employed for both encoding and inducing dynamics in the system. This, in fact, has been inspired by recent progress in observing spin waves in optical lattice experiments, in which manipulation of the Hamiltonian is hard and instead local rotations and measurements have become viable. The attainable average fidelity stays above the classical threshold for chains up to length 50 and the system shows very good robustness against various sources of imperfection.
The study of collective behaviour in many-body systems often explores fundamentally new ideas absent from the mere constituents of such a system. A paradigmatic model for these studies is the spin-1/2 XXZ chain and its fermionic equivalent. This thesis can be broadly divided into the study of two fundamental aspects of this model. Firstly, we discuss localisation phenomena in one dimensional lattices as often experimentally realised in cold atom systems. Secondly, we investigate how disorder and symmetry influence heat transport in spin chains. More specifically, in the first part we consider a system of non-interacting fermions in one dimension subject to a single-particle potential consisting of a strong optical lattice, a harmonic trap, and uncorrelated on-site disorder. We investigate a global inhomogeneous quantum quench and present numerical and analytical results for static and dynamical properties. We show that the approach to the non-thermal equilibrium state is extremely slow and that it implies a sensitivity to disorder parametrically stronger than that expected from Anderson localisation. We also consider the above system in a strong non-uniform electric field. In the non-interacting case, due to Wannier-Stark localisation, the single-particle wave functions are exponentially localised without quenched disorder. We show that this system remains localised in the presence of nearest-neighbour interactions and exhibits physics analogous to models of conventional many-body localisation. The second part explores the hydrodynamics of the disordered XYZ spin chain. Using time-evolving block decimation on open chains of up to 400 spins attached to thermal baths, we probe the energy transport of this system. Our principal findings are as follows. For weak disorder there is a stable diffusive region that persists up to a critical disorder strength that depends on the XY anisotropy. Then, for disorder strengths above this critical value energy transport becomes increasingly subdiffusive.
Quantum communication protocols based on spin chains have been extensively studied, yet their ability to transmit nonstabilizer resources has not been systematically addressed. We investigate the transport of quantum magic in spin chains through the natural dynamics of systems initialized in nonstabilizer states, and quantify the transported resource via the stabilizer norm. We analyze three experimentally feasible state-transfer protocols, ranging from noisy to (quasi-)perfect transfer, including one realizable in trapped-ion platforms. We find that the geometry of the injected state strongly influences transport: states in the lower Bloch hemisphere achieve higher transfer quality, whereas states in the upper hemisphere give rise to an efficient magic transport only beyond a threshold value of the parameter controlling the tendency towards perfect transfer. These features are robust across all protocols and identify the Hamiltonian and state properties that favor high-quality transfer. Moreover, we identify a parameter region, relevant to the initial state preparation, in which the transported magic exceeds the initial encoding, indicating that such spin systems can act as magic-amplification channels. Our results establish the conditions for efficient transport of nonstabilizer resources and demonstrate quantum magic as a sensitive probe of quantum transport beyond population dynamics.
We propose a method for quantum state transfer in spin chains using an adiabatic passage technique. Modifying even and odd nearest-neighbour couplings in time allows transfer fidelities arbitrarily close to one to be achieved, without the need for precise control of coupling strengths and timing. We study in detail transfer by adiabatic passage in a spin-1 chain governed by a generalized Heisenberg Hamiltonian. We consider optimization of the transfer process applying optimal control techniques. We discuss a realistic experimental implementation using cold atomic gases confined in deep optical lattices.
We study the transmission of both classical and quantum information through all the phases of a finite XXZ spin chain. This characterizes the merit of the different phases in terms of their ability to act as a quantum wire. As far as quantum information is concerned, we need only consider the transmission of entanglement as the direct transmission of a quantum state is equivalent. The isotropic AFM spin chain is found to be the optimal point of the phase diagram for the transmission of quantum entanglement when one considers both the amount of transmitted entanglement and the velocity with which it is transmitted. However, this optimal point in the phase diagram moves to the N\'eel phase when decoherence or thermal fluctuations are taken to account. This chain may also be able to transfer classical information even when, due to a large magnitude of the noise, quantum information is not transmitted at all. For a certain range of anisotropies of the model, a curious feature is found in the flow of quantum information inside the chain, namely, a hopping mode of entanglement transfer which skips the odd-numbered sites. Our predictions will potentially be testable in several physical systems.