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arXiv:1403.3903 · Physical Review A

Measurement-induced dynamics for spin-chain quantum communication and its application for optical lattices

Sima Pouyandeh, Farhad Shahbazi, Abolfazl Bayat

Published Jul 29, 2014• 31 citations
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Abstract

We present a protocol for quantum state transfer and remote state preparation across spin chains which operate in their antiferromagnetic mode. The proposed mechanism harnesses the inherent entanglement of the ground state of the strongly correlated many-body systems which naturally exists for free. The uniform Hamiltonian of the system does not need any engineering and, during the whole process, remains intact while a single-qubit measurement followed by a single-qubit rotation are employed for both encoding and inducing dynamics in the system. This, in fact, has been inspired by recent progress in observing spin waves in optical lattice experiments, in which manipulation of the Hamiltonian is hard and instead local rotations and measurements have become viable. The attainable average fidelity stays above the classical threshold for chains up to length 50 and the system shows very good robustness against various sources of imperfection.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.012337

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We present a protocol for quantum state transfer and remote state preparation across spin chains which operate in their antiferromagnetic mode. The proposed mechanism harnesses the inherent entanglement of the ground state of the strongly correlated many-body systems which naturally exists for free. The uniform Hamiltonian of the system does not need any engineering and, during the whole process, remains intact while a single-qubit measurement followed by a single-qubit rotation are employed for both encoding and inducing dynamics in the system. This, in fact, has been inspired by recent progress in observing spin waves in optical lattice experiments, in which manipulation of the Hamiltonian is hard and instead local rotations and measurements have become viable. The attainable average fidelity stays above the classical threshold for chains up to length 50 and the system shows very good robustness against various sources of imperfection.
We show that the inherent entanglement of the ground state of strongly correlated systems can be exploited for both classical and quantum communications. Our strategy is based on a single-qubit rotation that encodes information in the entangled nature of the ground state. In classical communication, our mechanism conveys more than one bit of information in each shot, just as dense coding does, without demanding long-range entanglement. In our scheme for quantum communication, the quality is higher than the widely studied attaching scenarios. Moreover, we propose to implement this way of communication in optical lattices.
This thesis is devoted to quantum information processing using strongly correlated many-body systems, and we have focused our interest on systems realized with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We have proposed different protocols based either on the free dynamics followed by a particular initial state -out of the ground-state manifold-, or on the non-trivial quantum dynamics generated by the optimal modulation of optical lattices. Our protocols demonstrate the potential of strongly correlated systems to perform short-distance quantum communication. Protocols based on dynamical manipulations of the optical lattices have also been extended to two-dimensional lattices to prepare decoherence-free cluster states. We have also proposed a novel scheme combining free dynamics and continuous measurements, which lead to the Quantum Zeno effect, for quantum information processing in spin chains. Despite of the recent progress in using atoms trapped in optical lattices to prepare and manipulate strongly correlated systems, the precise detection and experimental characterization of such states is a major challenge in modem physics. We have exploited some of the proposed protocols to analyze strongly correlated systems from the quality of their performance when implementing a quantum information task. Our approach provides a new insight into the study of these complex and fascinating systems. Regarding the detection, we have also addressed the fundamental problem of inferring the state of a given quantum system. First, we have studied the optimal state estimation of the most fundamental quantum system, a two-level system or qubit. Second, we have also considered and proposed new methods to tackle the experimental challenge of detecting the many-body systems prepared with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We have extended the applicability of the noise-correlation method to detect a mesoscopic Schrodinger cat many-body state. Despite the success of this method, it has the drawback that it demolishes the physical system. To overcome such limitation, we have proposed an . extension of the well-known Faraday effect at the quantum level, which yields a quantum non-demolition method to detect strongly correlated systems.
We study the information transferring ability of a spin-1∕2 XXZ Hamiltonian for two different proposals of state transfer, namely, the well-studied attaching scenario and the recently proposed measurement induced transport. The latter one has been inspired by recent achievements in optical lattice experiments for local addressability of individual atoms and their time evolution when only local rotations and measurements are available and local control of the Hamiltonian is very limited. We show that while the both scenarios performs with almost similar quality in the case of non-interacting free fermionic XX phase, the difference become more pronounced around the isotropic Heisenberg point. Our study shows that the presence of spin-flip symmetry plays a key point in the quality of state transfer and each scenario which benefits from this symmetry transfers the quantum states with higher fidelity. In fact, for even chains this symmetry exists only for the measurement induced dynamics which then gives higher transport quality and for odd chains the spin-flip symmetry is only valid for the attaching scenarios which become more superior. We also study the effect of thermal fluctuations and environmental interactions on both scenarios.
We exploit the inherent entanglement of the ground state of a spin chain with dimerized XXXXXX and XXZXXZXXZ Hamiltonians to investigate the entanglement generation between the ends of the chain. The strategy introduced by S. Yang, A. Bayat, and S. Bose [Phys. Rev. A 84, 020302(R) (2011)] is followed to encode the information in the entangled ground state of the system by local rotation. The amount of achieved entanglement in this scheme is higher than the one achieved when attaching a pair of maximally entangled spins to the system. Also, our proposal can be implemented by using the optical lattices.
We study the information transferring ability of a spin-1/2 XXZ Hamiltonian for two different modes of state transfer, namely, the well studied attaching scenario and the recently proposed measurement induced transport. The latter one has been inspired by recent achievements in optical lattice experiments for local addressability of individual atoms and their time evolution when only local rotations and measurements are available and local control of the Hamiltonian is very limited. We show that while measurement induced transport gives higher fidelity for quantum state transfer around the isotropic Heisenberg point, its superiority is less pronounced in non-interacting free fermionic XX phase. Moreover, we study the quality of state transfer in the presence of thermal fluctuations and environmental interactions and show that measurement scheme gives higher fidelity for low temperatures and weak interaction with environment.
We present an introductory overview of the use of spin chains as quantum wires, which has recently developed into a topic of lively interest. The principal motivation is in connecting quantum registers without resorting to optics. A spin chain is a permanently coupled 1D system of spins. When one places a quantum state on one end of it, the state will be dynamically transmitted to the other end with some efficiency if the spins are coupled by an exchange interaction. No external modulations or measurements on the body of the chain, except perhaps at the very ends, is required for this purpose. For the simplest ( uniformly coupled) chain and the simplest encoding (single qubit encoding), however, dispersion reduces the quality of transfer. We present a variety of alternatives proposed by various groups to achieve perfect quantum state transfer through spin chains. We conclude with a brief discussion of the various directions in which the topic is developing.