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Chinese Physics B

Sideband entanglement in collective resonance fluorescence

Xuehua Zhang, Xiangming Hu

Published Nov 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the quantum correlation between the Mollow sidebands in the collective resonance fluorescence from a strongly driven ensemble of two-level atoms. By using the criterion proposed by Shchukin and Vogel, we show that non-Gaussian entanglement exists between the two separated sidebands. The responsible mechanism is traced to the spontaneous parametric process, in which the nonclassical correlation is established. This suggests that the collective resonance fluorescence provides a continuous source for the non-Gaussian entangled light and thus has great potentials for various applications in quantum information and quantum computation.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/20/11/114205

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We examine the quantum correlation between the Mollow sidebands in the collective resonance fluorescence from a strongly driven ensemble of two-level atoms. By using the criterion proposed by Shchukin and Vogel, we show that non-Gaussian entanglement exists between the two separated sidebands. The responsible mechanism is traced to the spontaneous parametric process, in which the nonclassical correlation is established. This suggests that the collective resonance fluorescence provides a continuous source for the non-Gaussian entangled light and thus has great potentials for various applications in quantum information and quantum computation.
The dynamics of a strongly driven two-level atom are examined for the case that the atom is coupled to a ``two-mode'' squeezed vacuum. The source of squeezed light is taken to be a (frequency) nondegenerate parametric oscillator. We consider the situation in which the Rabi sidebands produced by the coherent driving field coincide with the spectral peaks of the parametric oscillator. Approximate analytical results are presented and checked against numerical simulations of the exact equations. For a suitable choice of relative phase, all three spectral lines in the fluorescence triplet are found to exhibit subnatural linewidths. Significant modifications to the fluorescence spectrum are also possible with a nonzero laser-atom detuning.
Multifold wave-particle quantum correlations are studied in strongly correlated three-photon emissions from the Mollow triplet via frequency engineering. The nonclassicality and the non-Gaussianity of the filtered field are discussed by correlating intensity signal and correlated balanced homodyne signals. Due to the non-Gaussian fluctuations in the Mollow triplet, new forms of the criterion of nonclassicality for non-Gaussian radiation are proposed by introducing intensity-dual quadrature correlation functions, which contain the information about strongly correlated three-photon emissions of the Mollow triplet. In addition, the time-dependent dynamics of non-Gaussian fluctuations of the filtered field is studied, which displays conspicuous asymmetry. Physically, the asymmetrical evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations can be attributed to the different transition dynamics of the laser-dressed quantum emitter revealed by the past quantum state and conditional quantum state. Compared with the conventional three-photon intensity correlations that unilaterally reflect the particle properties of radiation, the multifold wave-particle correlation functions we proposed may convey more information about wave-particle duality of radiation, such as the quantum coherence of photon triplet and "which-path" in cascaded photon emissions in atomic systems.
The possibility of realization of collective resonance fluorescence of extended systems of atoms in the strong travel and standing laser waves it is demonstrated. The influence of regular arrangement of the atoms in interaction with the laser pulls on the fluorescence intensity is analyzed. Taking in to account that such interference can be realize in two distant atomic ensembles we analyzed the collective interference phenomena between the fluorescent fields in the farther field detection region. These effects depend on the exchange integrals between systems of atoms through vacuum fluorescence field. The fluorescence spectrum of these atoms is found. About similar coherence interference experiment of spontaneous emission of light from two distant solid-state ensembles of atoms that are coherently excited by a short laser pulse it is reported in the papers [1,2]. For example, in paper [1] it is observed the entanglement between two distant atomic ensembles located in distinct apparatuses on different tables. Quantum interference in the detection of a photon emitted by one of the samples projects the otherwise independent ensembles into an entangled state with one joint excitation stored remotely in 105 atoms at each site. The experiment [2] relate about the ensembles of erbium ions doped into two LiNbO3 crystals with channel wave guides, which are placed in the two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The light that is spontaneously emitted after the excitation pulse shows first-order interference. By a strong collective enhancement of the emission, the atoms behave as ideal two-level quantum systems and no which-path information is left in the atomic ensembles after emission of a photon. Influence of geometry of the sample on the coherent phenomena between two distant systems of atoms in this report is presented.
We examine the correlation between photons in the resonance fluorescence of a bichromatically driven four-level atom. The four-level atom consists of two twofold degenerate states and, as a consequence, spontaneous emission events become sensitive to polarization. Depending on the interaction strength with the bichromatic field as well as its polarization direction, nonlinear two-photon emission takes place which, in turn, leads to extremely strong correlations between certain polarized photons. On the other hand, correlations between photons differently polarized from the distinctive ones are suppressed. Thus, the light source establishes a promising candidate for the generation of Bell-type correlated photon pairs. We explain the unusual large correlations with a nonlinear four-photon process which crucially depends on the strength of the driving as well as its polarization.