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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Application of reduced light shift optical pumping method to chip scale atomic clock

M. Zhu, Jeff F. DeNatale

Published Apr 1, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a chip scale atomic clock (CSAC), a laser beam with a higher intensity is usually used to achieve a good contrast of the clock transition signal. Thus the light shift (AC Stark shift) is of great importance to the performance of a CSAC device. Here we apply the reduced light shift optical pumping method to a micro-machined 87Rb vapor cell in order to reduce the sensitivity of the measured clock frequency to various operational parameters. The preliminary result shows the improved short term stability.

DOI
10.1109/freq.2009.5168386

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In a chip scale atomic clock (CSAC), a laser beam with a higher intensity is usually used to achieve a good contrast of the clock transition signal. Thus the light shift (AC Stark shift) is of great importance to the performance of a CSAC device. Here we apply the reduced light shift optical pumping method to a micro-machined 87Rb vapor cell in order to reduce the sensitivity of the measured clock frequency to various operational parameters. The preliminary result shows the improved short term stability.
To Obtain an appropriate coherent population trapping (CPT) signal through a miniature atomic vapor cell is one of the key steps to implement a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC). In the present experiment, the high S/N differential CPT spectral line has been achieved with a miniature atomic vapor cell through modulating the laser and extracting 87Rb atom laser interacting signal using the phase sensitive demodulation technique. With the spectral line, the dependence of CPT signal on the working parameters and the dependence of frequency stability of CSAC on the quality of the CPT signal have been studied; the obtained experimental results agree well with the theoretical prediction, which can be used as the recommended working parameters for CSAC. The methods exploited in the experiment can be implemented in the resource of a CSAC, therefore this experiment explores for CSAC the practical approaches of performance optimization.
We demonstrate the implementation of a Rb87 chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) that has improved long-term stability. A simple method of reducing the frequency drift in the CSAC is proposed. As well as the well-known effect of light intensity on the clock frequency, our analysis shows that the frequency drift that is due to laser frequency detuning (LFD) variation originates from asymmetry in the coherent laser fields, and thus, we propose to actively compensate the clock frequency by using variations in the light intensity and LFD. We performed experiments to obtain precise clock frequency sensitivities to the light intensity and LFD, and the frequency drift was reduced from 7.1×10−11/day to 6.9×10−13/day with the frequency compensation method. Additionally, the CSAC with an optimized configuration of light intensity and microwave power showed evident long-term frequency stability improvement, from 8.9×10−11 to 8.7×10−12 at 105 s. Therefore, our method is useful in reducing the frequency drift of CSACs and could be potentially used in applications that require moderate long-term stability of sub-1×10−11.
Rb vapor cell with differential detection. Elliptically polarized light is used to interact with alkali atoms to generate coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance, and the CPT signal is obtained by detecting the Faraday rotation effect with differential detection technology. To move closer to an actual chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC), we reduce the volume of the experimental apparatus and use a divergent laser beam to interact with the atoms. We obtain the short-term frequency stability of the CSAC based on the differential detection scheme and compare it with that of a conventional CSAC. The results show that the frequency stability is more than two times better than that of current commercial CSAC devices with the same power consumption and volume.
We describe a novel technique for stabilizing frequency shifts in laser-interrogated vapor-cell atomic clocks. The method suppresses frequency shifts due to changes in the laser frequency, intensity, and modulation index as well as atomic vapor density. The clock operating parameters are monitored by using the atoms themselves, rather than by using conventional schemes for laser frequency and cell temperature control. The experiment is realized using a chip-scale atomic clock. The novel atomic-based stabilization approach results in a simpler setup and improved long-term performance.