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VARIATIONAL QUANTUM FIELD STATES WITH SYMMETRY: THE CONTINUUM LIMIT OF A PROJECTED ENTANGLED PAIR STATE

David Jennings, Jutho Haegeman, Tobias J. Osborne, Frank Verstraete

Published Dec 16, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We obtain a well-behaved continuum limit of projected entangled pair states (PEPS) that provides an abstract class of quantum field states with natural symmetries. Making use of the recently introduced path integral representation of one-dimensional con- tinuous matrix product states (cMPS) for quantum fields, we demonstrate how symmetries of the physical field state are encoded within the dynamics of an auxiliary field system of one dimension less. In particular, the imposition of euclidean symmetries on the physical system requires that the auxiliary system involved in the class' definition must be Lorentz invariant. The physical field states automatically inherit entropy area laws from the PEPS class, and are fully described by the dissipative dynamics of the lower dimensional auxiliary field system.

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We obtain a well-behaved continuum limit of projected entangled pair states (PEPS) that provides an abstract class of quantum field states with natural symmetries. Making use of the recently introduced path integral representation of one-dimensional con- tinuous matrix product states (cMPS) for quantum fields, we demonstrate how symmetries of the physical field state are encoded within the dynamics of an auxiliary field system of one dimension less. In particular, the imposition of euclidean symmetries on the physical system requires that the auxiliary system involved in the class' definition must be Lorentz invariant. The physical field states automatically inherit entropy area laws from the PEPS class, and are fully described by the dissipative dynamics of the lower dimensional auxiliary field system.
A natural way to generalize tensor network variational classes to quantum field systems is via a continuous tensor contraction. This approach is first illustrated for the class of quantum field states known as continuous matrix-product states (cMPS). As a simple example of the path-integral representation we show that the state of a dynamically evolving quantum field admits a natural representation as a cMPS. A completeness argument is also provided that shows that all states in Fock space admit a cMPS representation when the number of variational parameters tends to infinity. Beyond this, we obtain a well-behaved field limit of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) in two dimensions that provide an abstract class of quantum field states with natural symmetries. We demonstrate how symmetries of the physical field state are encoded within the dynamics of an auxiliary field system of one dimension less. In particular, the imposition of Euclidean symmetries on the physical system requires that the auxiliary system involved in the class' definition must be Lorentz-invariant. The physical field states automatically inherit entropy area laws from the PEPS class, and are fully described by the dissipative dynamics of a lower dimensional virtual field system. Our results lie at the intersection many-body physics, quantum field theory and quantum information theory, and facilitate future exchanges of ideas and insights between these disciplines.
We introduce a new class of states for bosonic quantum fields which extend tensor network states to the continuum and generalize continuous matrix product states (cMPS) to spatial dimensions d≥2d\geq 2d≥2. By construction, they are Euclidean invariant, and are genuine continuum limits of discrete tensor network states. Admitting both a functional integral and an operator representation, they share the important properties of their discrete counterparts: expressiveness, invariance under gauge transformations, simple rescaling flow, and compact expressions for the NNN-point functions of local observables. While we discuss mostly the continuous tensor network states extending Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS), we propose a generalization bearing similarities with the continuum Multi-scale Entanglement Renormalization Ansatz (cMERA).
Abstract Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are very useful in the description of strongly correlated systems, partly because they allow encoding symmetries, either global or local (gauge), naturally. In recent years, PEPS with local symmetries have increasingly been used in the study of non-perturbative regimes of lattice gauge theories, most prominently as a way to construct variational ansatz states depending only on a small number of parameters and yet capturing the relevant physical properties. For the case of one-dimensional PEPS (matrix product states—MPS) a bidirectional connection was established between the internal structure of the tensor network, i.e. the mathematical properties of the constituent tensors, and the symmetry. In higher dimensions this has only been done for global symmetries, where in the local (gauge) case it is known only how to construct gauge-invariant states, but not what the symmetry implies on the internal structure of the PEPS. In the present work we complete this missing piece and study the internal structure of PEPS with a gauge symmetry. The PEPS we consider consist of matter and gauge field tensors placed on the vertices and edges, respectively, of arbitrary graphs.
We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state properties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.
We introduce a new class of states for bosonic quantum fields which extend tensor network states to the continuum and generalize continuous matrix product states to spatial dimensions d ≥ 2. By construction, they are Euclidean invariant and are genuine continuum limits of discrete tensor network states.Admitting both a functional integral and an operator representation, they share the important properties of their discrete counterparts: expressiveness, invariance under gauge transformations, simple rescaling flow, and compact expressions for the N-point functions of local observables.While we discuss mostly the continuous tensor network states extending projected entangled-pair states, we propose a generalization bearing similarities with the continuum multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz.
We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D-2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state proper-ties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.