We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state properties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.
We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state properties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.
We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D-2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state proper-ties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.
Matrix product states and projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are powerful analytical and numerical tools to assess quantum many-body systems in one and higher dimensions, respectively. While matrix product states are comprehensively understood, in PEPS fundamental questions, relevant analytically as well as numerically, remain open, such as how to encode symmetries in full generality, or how to stabilize numerical methods using canonical forms. Here, we show that these key problems, as well as a number of related questions, are algorithmically undecidable, that is, they cannot be fully resolved in a systematic way. Our work thereby exposes fundamental limitations to a full and unbiased understanding of quantum many-body systems using PEPS.
This thesis is devoted to the study of quantum many-body systems. This investigation is performed in the framework of Matrix Product States (MPS) and their generalization to higher dimensions, Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). In the first part of the work, we discuss the mathematical properties of such tensor network states in depth. In the first chapters we deal with one-dimensional systems, for which we use the connections between MPS and completely positive maps to prove several new results, such as the quantum version of the Wielandt's inequality or the construction of locally invariant states under a symmetry group. Chapters 5-7 are dedicated to higher-dimensional systems, for which we provide the conditions to construct invariant PEPS. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to applications in condensed matter. In chapter 8 we provide several methods of constructing quasi-solvable Hamiltonians with two-body interactions, while in chapter 9 we show that these tensor network states can be used as a laboratory for theoretical condensed matter in, for instance, the characterization of the string-order, the generalization of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem, the demonstration of new theorems relating entanglement to magnetisation or to long-range interactions, etc.
Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are a class of tensor networks that are believed to represent a wide variety of two-dimensional physical quantum states. However, unlike their well-known one-dimensional counterparts, the matrix product states (MPS), numerical simulations with PEPS suffer from instabilities that can be traced back to the lack of a canonical form. The authors describe how to convert a PEPS into a canonical form analogous to the one for an MPS. It is expected that this canonical form will make possible improved analytical and numerical approaches for PEPS.
Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are a class of quantum many-body states that generalize matrix product states for one-dimensional systems to higher dimensions. In recent years, PEPS have advanced understanding of strongly correlated systems, especially in two dimensions, e.g., quantum spin liquids. Typically described by tensor networks on regular lattices (e.g., square, cubic), PEPS have also been adapted for irregular graphs; however, the computational cost becomes prohibitive for dense graphs with large vertex degrees. In this paper, we present a PEPS algorithm to simulate low-energy states and dynamics defined on arbitrary, fluctuating, and densely connected graphs. We introduce a cut-off, κ ∈ N , to constrain the vertex degree of the PEPS to a set but tunable value, which is enforced in the optimization by applying a simple edge-deletion rule, allowing the geometry of the PEPS to change and adapt dynamically to the system's correlation structure. We benchmark our flexible PEPS algorithm with simulations of classical spin glasses and quantum annealing on densely connected graphs with hundreds of spins, and also study the impact of tuning κ when simulating a uniform quantum spin model on a regular (square) lattice. Our paper opens the way to apply tensor network algorithms to arbitrary, even fluctuating, background geometries.
Abstract Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are very useful in the description of strongly correlated systems, partly because they allow encoding symmetries, either global or local (gauge), naturally. In recent years, PEPS with local symmetries have increasingly been used in the study of non-perturbative regimes of lattice gauge theories, most prominently as a way to construct variational ansatz states depending only on a small number of parameters and yet capturing the relevant physical properties. For the case of one-dimensional PEPS (matrix product states—MPS) a bidirectional connection was established between the internal structure of the tensor network, i.e. the mathematical properties of the constituent tensors, and the symmetry. In higher dimensions this has only been done for global symmetries, where in the local (gauge) case it is known only how to construct gauge-invariant states, but not what the symmetry implies on the internal structure of the PEPS. In the present work we complete this missing piece and study the internal structure of PEPS with a gauge symmetry. The PEPS we consider consist of matter and gauge field tensors placed on the vertices and edges, respectively, of arbitrary graphs.