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International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)

Performance study of non-binary LDPC Codes over GF(q)

V. S. Ganepola, R.A. Carrasco, Ian James Wassell, S. Le Goff

Published Jul 1, 2008• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are known to perform well in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) but for very large block lengths. It has been proposed to define the codes over high order Galois fields to overcome this limitation. In this paper we construct new quasi-cyclic non-binary LDPC codes with moderate code lengths from Reed-Solomon codes with two message symbols proposed by Lin et al defined over large finite fields. We evaluate the performance of these codes on the AWGN channel by computer simulation and show that they outperform binary LDPC codes of the same length in binary bits.

DOI
10.1109/csndsp.2008.4610743

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Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are known to perform well in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) but for very large block lengths. It has been proposed to define the codes over high order Galois fields to overcome this limitation. In this paper we construct new quasi-cyclic non-binary LDPC codes with moderate code lengths from Reed-Solomon codes with two message symbols proposed by Lin et al defined over large finite fields. We evaluate the performance of these codes on the AWGN channel by computer simulation and show that they outperform binary LDPC codes of the same length in binary bits.
Low Density Parity Check Codes (LDPC) are a group of channel codes which can be decoded using a graph. LDPC codes are known to give near Shannon limit performance in Additive White Gaussian Channel (AWGN), but for large block-lengths and irregular construction. To overcome this limitation, it has been proposed to define codes over a higher order Galois Field. In this paper,we construct a regular cycle non binary LDPC code over GF(q), where q=2p.We use a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based low complexity algorithm to decode the LDPC code defined over a large Galois Field. We evaluate the performance of these codes in AWGN channel using computer simulations and show that they are giving excellent BER performance.
In this paper, we proposed a novel method for constructing quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC LDPC) codes based on cyclic subgroup over GF(q) . LDPC codes constructed by this method are quasi-cyclic (QC) and they perform very well over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with sum product algorithm (SPA). The main advantage is that QC LDPC codes with a variety of block lengths and rates can be easily constructed with no cycles of length four or less. Simulation results show that the proposed QC LDPC codes perform slight better than the random regular LDPC codes for short to moderate block lengths. Since the codes are QC, they can be encoded using simple shift registers with linear complexity.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, finite fields were successfully used to construct linear block codes, especially cyclic codes, with large minimum distances for hard-decision algebraic decoding, such as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. This paper shows that finite fields can also be successfully used to construct algebraic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for iterative soft-decision decoding. Methods of construction are presented. LDPC codes constructed by these methods are quasi-cyclic (QC) and they perform very well over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), binary random, and burst erasure channels with iterative decoding in terms of bit-error probability, block-error probability, error-floor, and rate of decoding convergence, collectively. Particularly, they have low error floors. Since the codes are QC, they can be encoded using simple shift registers with linear complexity.
The non-binary LDPC is the promotion to the finite GF(q) of binary LDPC codes.The parity check matrix elements is no longer 0 and 1,but collections(0,1,2,…,q-1),while the decoding still uses the efficient iterative decoding based on belief propagation algorithm.This paper focuses on the check matrix of structure of the quasi-cyclic LDPC codes(QC-LDPC) as well as the min-sum decoding algorithm.Then the LDPC codes decoding performance is simulated under different conditions in white Gaussian noise channel(AWGN) with Matlab.Finally,the impact of non-binary LDPC Decoding performance factors is analyzed.
Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes have excellent error correcting performance. LDPC codes are one of the block coding techniques and it performs near Shannon limit and recommended for many practical applications. Non-binary LDPC codes extension of binary LDPC in error correcting property especially for short and moderate block length. In many digital communication systems these codes have strong competitors of turbo codes for error control. Low Density Parity Check as it name is suggests that in a parity check matrix (H) consists of very small number of non-zero elements comparing with zero elements. The strength of the LDPC code defines Parity Check Matrix (PCM). LDPC code contains two types of decoding algorithms hard and soft decision algorithm. By comparing with other traditional decoding algorithm FFT based sum product algorithm reduced computation complexity with better decoding performance. In this paper, LDPC codes for FFT based sum product decoding algorithm performances are analysed for various order of Galois Field GF(q) using AWGN channel. Decoding performance measured in terms of symbol error rate which improve with increasing order of Galois field.
Recently, there have been major developments in utilizing the finite fields to construct Low-density Parity-check (LDPC) codes. In this correspondence, an algebraic approach based on the conjugates of primitive elements over finite fields to construct Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low-Density Parity-Check codes is presented. Proposed QC-LDPC codes provide an excellent error performance with Belief Propagation (BP) decoding over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Based on numerical results, the performance analysis shows that the proposed QC-LDPC codes perform as well as the randomly constructed Progressive edge growth (PEG) LDPC codes and algebraic QC-LDPC in the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region but outperform their counterparts in the higher SNR region. Also, the codes constructed are QC in nature, so the encoding can be done with shift register circuits having linear complexity.