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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Spontaneous emission from saturated parametric amplifiers

Karsten K. Rottwitt, J. R. Ott, Henrik Steffensen, Siddharth Ramachandran

Published Jun 1, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Noise performance of parametric amplifiers is typically calculated assuming un-depleted operation. However, in many applications especially when applied as regenerative amplifiers in systems based on phase shift keyed modulation schemes, this assumption is not valid. Here we show the impact on accumulated spontaneous emission for a parametric amplifier operated in saturation.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2009.5185056

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Noise performance of parametric amplifiers is typically calculated assuming un-depleted operation. However, in many applications especially when applied as regenerative amplifiers in systems based on phase shift keyed modulation schemes, this assumption is not valid. Here we show the impact on accumulated spontaneous emission for a parametric amplifier operated in saturation.
Fiber optical parametric processes offer a wide range of applications including phase sensitive as well as phase insensitive amplification, wavelength conversion and signal regeneration. One of the difficult challenges is any of these applications is to predict their associated noise performance. However, it is well accepted that one contribution to the noise performance originates from vacuum fluctuations. In this work we show a novel approach to predict the spontaneous radiation from a parametric amplifier. In the approach the propagating fields are treated as a sum of a classical mean field and a perturbation defined from quantum optics relations.
Intensity fluctuation characteristics of amplified-spontaneous emission are found using intensity rate equations and the noise-amplifier approximation for saturation coupling between two and four competing modes. The existence of more than one mode leads to the retention of relatively large fluctuations in each mode even as the amplifier gain is saturated, an operating regime which by contrast has been shown to reduce significantly the fluctuations when only a single beam is present. The noise-amplifier approximation is found to be an adequate approximation of the effects of the spontaneous emission distributed along the length of a laser amplifier. The intensity fluctuations in all cases approach limiting distributions functions as the amplifier becomes heavily saturated. Characteristics of these limiting distributions are found for one, two, and four beams; for combinations of beams copropagating and counterpropagating; in the presence and absence of loss; for differences in gain; and for saturation of the sources due to high intensities.