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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Polarization of atoms by simultaneous electromagnetic pulses of different frequency ranges

S. B. Sazonov

Published Dec 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method is proposed for the fast and deep polarization of a system of ground-state hyperfine sublevels of an atom having an optical excited level or a system of excited-state sublevels. The method is based on the simultaneous action of pulsed bichromatic resonance fields of optical and microwave ranges. The scheme of the ground-state sublevel polarization by bichromatic or monochromatic microwave fields is also considered.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364009190035

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A method is proposed for the fast and deep polarization of a system of ground-state hyperfine sublevels of an atom having an optical excited level or a system of excited-state sublevels. The method is based on the simultaneous action of pulsed bichromatic resonance fields of optical and microwave ranges. The scheme of the ground-state sublevel polarization by bichromatic or monochromatic microwave fields is also considered.
A method is proposed for fast and deep polarization of the system of hyperfine sublevels of the ground state of an atom having an optical excited state by means of two-component microwave pulses. The pulse of the bichromatic optical field that induces the transitions between the ground state and excited state of the atom is supposed to provide coherence among the hyperfine sublevels of the atomic ground state via the effect of coherent population trapping. The subsequent resonance microwave pulses create the polarization of equally populated ground state sublevels of the atom. The proposed polarization technique may be used for designing the new schemes of quantum computers, for the pulse transformation in optical experiments when light passes through a resonant medium containing rear-earth ions, as well as for producing polarized nuclear targets.
A method has been proposed for rapidly and deeply changing the population in the system of unequally populated hyperfine atomic levels, including the ground-state sublevels, due to the impact of mutually coherent pulsed resonance electromagnetic fields. The method can be implemented, e.g., to create new schemes of the amplification or effective absorption of the radiation passing through a medium, to develop the new field of quantum electronics, spintronics, involving the current of polarized electrons, and to create new schemes of quantum computers.
In the optical excitation of atoms with polarized light, producing excited atoms, only some of the Zeeman sublevels of the excited state are actually reached, so that large differences of population can be built up between Zeeman sublevels or between hyperfine structure (hfs) levels. This property can be used to detect radio-frequency resonance in optically excited atomic states. These resonances produce a characteristic change in intensity or in the degree of polarization of the light re-emitted. Zeeman intervals, Stark effects, and hfs intervals can be measured in this manner. (The Stark constant of the 63P1 level of Hg and the electric quadrupole moments of the alkali atoms have been obtained in this way.)The technique of “optical pumping” gives a way to concentrate atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hfs levels of the ground state.Atomic orientation has been obtained with the Na atom, in an atomic beam and in the vapor in equilibrium with the metal. The orientation effects have been studied by detection of radio-frequency resonance signals in the ground state. Orientation can be increased many times by adding a variable pressure of a foreign gas to the pure Na vapor. Because of the coupling between nuclear spin and electron spin, nuclear orientation is produced at the same time as atomic orientation.
Excitation of atoms in a vapor by polarized light produces unequal population of the magnetic sublevels of the excited state. The emitted optical resonance radiation is therefore partly polarized. The application of radiofrequency or microwave fields at a magnetic resonance frequency will induce transitions between sublevels of the excited state. The degree of polarization of the emitted optical resonance radiation is altered when the magnetic resonance condition is fulfilled. As suggested by Brossel and Kastler, this effect may be used to reveal the structure of the energy level. A detailed theory applicable to, and experiments on the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state of all the isotopes of mercury are reported. The results obtained indicate that double resonance phenomena constitute a valuable new tool for investigating the structure of atomic energy levels. The mean life of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state is shown by observations on the resonance line widths to be 1.55\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec for all the isotopes. The ggg-factor of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state for isotopes with zero spin, measured in terms of the proton ggg-factor, is 1.4838\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004.