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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Superradiance in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structure

Igor V. Mel’nikov, Joseph W. Haus, James Stewart Aitchison

Published Nov 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study the superradiant decay of an ensemble of inverted two-level atoms embedded into a continuous dielectric and a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal with lateral confinement of the radiation. The nonlinear superradiance pulse characteristics are calculated using a Green's-function-based model. Specifically, we predict fast phase synchronization across the ensemble that builds up a distributed feedback structure responsible for the superradiation anisotropic emission and the directional switching. We show that the transfer of the optical excitation takes place along the Bragg planes and is manifested by strong energy localization.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2006.881642

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In this paper, we study the superradiant decay of an ensemble of inverted two-level atoms embedded into a continuous dielectric and a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal with lateral confinement of the radiation. The nonlinear superradiance pulse characteristics are calculated using a Green's-function-based model. Specifically, we predict fast phase synchronization across the ensemble that builds up a distributed feedback structure responsible for the superradiation anisotropic emission and the directional switching. We show that the transfer of the optical excitation takes place along the Bragg planes and is manifested by strong energy localization.
Spontaneous emission from a two-level atom embedded in photonic crystals was investigated in this paper. Due to the photon localization and the quantum interference between the two dressed states, some changes in the radiation field take place: when the excited level moves from the gap to the band, the energy of the localized field is transferred to the propagating field through the diffusion field. If the localized field and the propagating field could coexist, the population evolution in the excited level would exhibit quasi-oscillation behavior. If they could not coexist, there would be no quasi-oscillation. The steady-state trapped atom population in the excited level is changed also. All these characteristics depend not only on the relative position δ of the excited level ω _1 with respect to the band-edge ω _c but also on the photon density of states ρ(ω_k) (or the band-edge smoothing parameter e ) near the band edge.
Abstract : The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the resonant light-matter interactions in the multi-component and multilevel media and photonic bandgap structures have been developed. The optimal component distribution in the two-component media have been found to get a pulse of a superradiative emission of the highest intensity. The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the femtosecond pulse propagation in an extended medium of the two-level atoms have developed. The regime of the inversionless superradiance in the two-component superradiative medium has been investigated. The theory of the superradiance by an ensemble of the two-level atoms embedded in the dielectric host was developed. It was shown that the near dipole-dipole interaction of dense collection of two-level atoms is enhanced by the presence of the host material, decreasing the pulse temporal width and increasing the peak pulse intensity of superradiative emission. The theory of nonlinear light-matter interaction in multidimensional resonant photonic crystals under Bragg diffraction condition has been developed. It was obtained the analytical and numerical solutions describing the novel kinds of nonlinear solitary waves: the Laue soliton, O-field, propagating and standing gap solitary waves. It has been described the spatio-temporal nonlinear dynamics of coherent field in periodic resonant structures with arbitrary modulation of atomic density and gain gratings.
We find and investigate numerically the self-starting superradiant lasing and the strongly modified superfluorescence regimes in a two-level active sample of one-dimensional photonic crystal (responsible for the resonance wave back-scattering) for various values of the light bandgap and the amplification bandwidth. The simplest oscillators of this type are the quantum-well injection heterostructures and the laser fibers with active colour centres where one-dimensional Bragg back-scattering can be fabricated artificially by means of a periodic modulation of the cladding layers. Of special interest is the case where the single-site reflections from the facets of a sample are weaker than the total distributed reflections owing to the resonance wave back-scattering either introduced artificially or present in an inverted two-level medium due to a photonic crystal structure.
We investigate the spontaneous radiation from a two-level atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal with two bands. The properties of the spontaneous emission are dependent strongly on the position of the upper level. The faster and slower decay components can occur in the emitted field, but it does not mean the existence of both accelerated and inhibited components for the atomic population decay. The radiation spectrum is dependent on the location of the observer. We also study the influence of the existence of the two bands on spontaneous emission, Lamb shift, the emitted field, and the radiation spectrum.