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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

The spectrum of single-atom resonance fluorescence

Yves Stalgies, Ingo Siemers, Bernd Appasamy, T. Altevogt, P. E. Toschek

Published Aug 1, 1996• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The emission spectrum of the bichromatically excited resonance fluorescence of a single atomic particle, i.e. of a permanently trapped and cooled Ba + ion has been recorded. It shows up to five peaks, two of them partially resolved, in agreement with fluorescence spectra of three-level atoms calculated from sets of parameters separately measured from recorded excitation spectra of the integrated fluorescence.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1996-00563-6

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The emission spectrum of the bichromatically excited resonance fluorescence of a single atomic particle, i.e. of a permanently trapped and cooled Ba + ion has been recorded. It shows up to five peaks, two of them partially resolved, in agreement with fluorescence spectra of three-level atoms calculated from sets of parameters separately measured from recorded excitation spectra of the integrated fluorescence.
We have measured the emission spectrum of two-level-like Ba atoms driven by two strong, equal-amplitude fields with frequency separation 2\ensuremath{\delta}. The spectrum consists of a series of peaks with an essentially constant spacing \ensuremath{\delta} and alternating linewidths. These features differ qualitatively from the characteristic triplet spectrum observed in the case of strong monochromatic excitation. Certain features of the observed spectrum such as its comblike structure can be motivated in terms of the energy spectrum of atom--bichromatic-field product states. Other features, such as the alternating linewidths, require more subtle analysis.
The spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a single trapped and laser-cooled ion is studied theoretically. The quantum motion of the trapped particle manifests itself in the form of narrow motional sidebands in the fluorescence spectrum. For our calculations it is assumed that the ion is confined to dimensions much smaller than the optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke limit) and the approach is valid for multilevel systems, general trapping potentials, and for both traveling-wave and standing-wave configurations. The motional sidebands in the spectrum have asymmetric amplitudes and this asymmetry is shown to depend on the ion energy, the detector position, and the choice of standing- or traveling-wave laser excitation.
The spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a single trapped and laser-cooled ion is studied theoretically. The quantum motion of the trapped particle manifests itself in the form of narrow motional sidebands in the fluorescence spectrum. For our calculations it is assumed that the ion is confined to dimensions much smaller than the optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke limit) and the approach is valid for multilevel systems, general trapping potentials, and for both traveling-wave and standing-wave configurations. The motional sidebands in the spectrum have asymmetric amplitudes and this asymmetry is shown to depend on the ion energy, the detector position, and the choice of standing- or traveling-wave laser excitation.
The spectrum of the resonance fluorescence light from a single two-level atom in a small, high-quality, optical cavity is calculated. The coupling between the atom and cavity is made sufficiently strong compared to the dissipation that single quantum frequency splitting (vacuum Rabi splitting) occurs. Under high excitation qualitatively new fluorescent spectra are predicted. The usual three-peaked resonance fluorescence spectrum now has sidebands whose width is given by the Jaynes-Cummings atom-cavity coupling coefficient rather than by the system dissipation.
We have made measurements of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence emitted by sodium atoms in an intense, uniform, monochromatic field. The transition used in the experiment was between the 32S123^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}32S21​​ (F=2F=2F=2, mF=2{m}_{F}=2mF​=2) ground state and the 32P323^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}32P23​​ (${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$, ${m}_{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$) excited state. A separate light beam, circularly polarized and resonant with this transition, was used to prepare the sodium atoms in the F=2F=2F=2, mF=2{m}_{F}=2mF​=2 magnetic sublevel. This pumping scheme was used to obtain the spectrum for both on- and off-resonance excitations. The measurements are in good agreement with Mollow's calculation. In addition, we describe conditions under which we observed asymmetric spectra similar to those of earlier experiments.