Duality is a well-established concept in quantum physics. It formalises the fact that what one observes is not nature in itself, but---in Heisenberg's words---"nature exposed to our method of questioning". In the context of image analysis "question" pertains to some task while "nature" (empirical facts and natural laws) could be taken as the totality of image data supplemented with relevant external factors (knowledge or hypotheses). However, the analogy with quantum physics falls short in at least one fundamental aspect. Whereas the physicist studies nature for nature's sake, endeavouring to reveal natural laws, the image scientist pursues a certain task. This implies a shift of paradigm from the retrospect to the prospect. It will be argued that this leads to a subtle but important difference in the role duality plays in image processing and analysis as compared to the technically similar "bracket" formalism in quantum physics. Duality in the context of image processing and analysis ...
Duality is a well-established concept in quantum physics. It formalises the fact that what one observes is not nature in itself, but---in Heisenberg's words---"nature exposed to our method of questioning". In the context of image analysis "question" pertains to some task while "nature" (empirical facts and natural laws) could be taken as the totality of image data supplemented with relevant external factors (knowledge or hypotheses). However, the analogy with quantum physics falls short in at least one fundamental aspect. Whereas the physicist studies nature for nature's sake, endeavouring to reveal natural laws, the image scientist pursues a certain task. This implies a shift of paradigm from the retrospect to the prospect. It will be argued that this leads to a subtle but important difference in the role duality plays in image processing and analysis as compared to the technically similar "bracket" formalism in quantum physics. Duality in the context of image processing and analysis ...
Image processing is popular in our daily life because of the need to extract essential information from our 3D world, including a variety of applications in widely separated fields like bio-medicine, economics, entertainment, and industry. The nature of visual information, algorithm complexity, and the representation of 3D scenes in 2D spaces are all popular research topics. In particular, the rapidly increasing volume of image data as well as increasingly challenging computational tasks have become important driving forces for further improving the efficiency of image processing and analysis. Since the concept of quantum computing was proposed by Feynman in 1982, many achievements have shown that quantum computing has dramatically improved computational efficiency [1]. Quantum information processing exploit quantum mechanical properties, such as quantum superposition, entanglement and parallelism, and effectively accelerate many classical problems like factoring large numbers, searching an unsorted database, Boson sampling, quantum simulation, solving linear systems of equations, and machine learning. These unique quantum properties may also be used to speed up signal and data processing. In quantum image processing, quantum image representation plays a key role, which substantively determines the kinds of processing tasks and how well they can be performed.
The article deals with the relationship of ideas about the quantum-physical foundations of the functioning of consciousness with quantum computer science. The fundamental question of the nature of consciousness as a unique phenomenon characterized by self-development, adaptive functions, nonlinearity and openness remains debatable. Modern research on the so-called “quantum concept of consciousness” opens up the prospect for subsequent discoveries of new, unsolved patterns. At the junction of quantum mechanics, psychophysics and neurobiology, an interdisciplinary field of knowledge is now being formed and dynamically developing. The comprehension of the methods and formalisms developed within its framework in application to the ontological aspect of the essential nature of consciousness is chosen as the subject of research in this work. The universal laws of quantum mechanics, the concepts of quantum entanglement and the nonlocality of the wave function are important tools for understanding the role of the observer's consciousness at the quantum-molecular level (nanoscale) of consciousness functioning. The article shows that the principles of quantum data processing have a certain superiority over traditional methods of information processing and can become a significant analogue in the development of the quantum concept of consciousness. The characteristic processes of the “work” of consciousness are revealed, which cannot be comprehended without reference to entropic processes and quantum jumps at bifurcation points, entailing stochastic choice, i.e. information generation. The hypothesis of the quantum concept of consciousness is considered in relation to the macroscopic nature of consciousness, its synergetic complexity. The main conclusion is connected with the idea that the modern understanding of consciousness is undergoing many changes due to the widespread introduction of new knowledge in the field of computer science, quantum physics, and neuroscience.
The aim of the article is to analyze the ontological foundations of quantum mechanics and the relationship of various interpretations of quantum mechanics with the question of truth in scientific knowledge. The theoretical material (various interpretations of quantum mechanics) was analyzed. The research methods were analysis, comparative-historical and institutional approaches. On the basis of the study, it can be concluded that physicists are only able to predict the probabilities of physical phenomena or processes, without any knowledge of the structure of entity in itself. The study helps to complement the theoretical picture of the ontology of quantum mechanics and to get an idea about the development prospects of the methodology of physical sciences. We should not ascribe properties that are unobservable in experience to the entity because science can truly interpret only the representation of entity in itself in experience and the ways of dealing with it, not future events or possible states of the entity. Otherwise, science “slides” down to the level of dialectical (rhetorical) exercises based not on true premises, but on generally accepted or “authoritative” biases, which gives room to extreme forms of relativism and takes natural scientists away from studying nature to inventing empirically unsupported hypotheses. When, in accordance with the Cartesian ontology, the scientist assumes that the entity is as the “subject” observes it (that is, the “reflection” of the entity in consciousness is identified with entity in itself), this assumption leads the scientist to attempts to “scientifically” describe the future events or the possible states of the entity. The criterion for the truth of a scientific theory put forward by Einstein in his dispute with Bohr remains a fundamentally unattainable ideal. Cognition of nature is probabilistically and fundamentally incomplete since a person can consciously comprehend natural phenomena only within the framework of their representation in the existing being. The probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics is due to the impossibility of knowing things as they exist by themselves, that is, as they exist outside of representation in the mind of the observer. This does not mean that physical entities did not exist before their knowledge: they existed potentially, but were not valid for the observer, that is, conscious. Quantum physics is as incomplete as any other physical theory when compared with an unattainable ideal, but this fact does not negate its truth for modern scientists since quantum theory is based on the results of verified experiments.
A generalized view of Duality is offered as a bridge between physical sciences and the more abstract philosophical dimensions bordering on mysticism. To that end several examples of duality are first cited from from conventional physics sectors to illustrate the obvious powers of this principle. These include items from reciprocity in Newtonian mechanics to the problem of measurement duality that characterizes quantum mechanics. It is also noted that the latter has acquired a renewed interest in recent times, consequent on the emergence of new experimental techniques for testing the actual laboratory outcomes of traditional gedanken experiments, hitherto taken for granted. Against this background, the Duality principle is sought to be extended to the mystical domain, with convincing examples from various human level experiences.
The 'unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences' may at times give the impression that natural science, especially modern theoretical physics, is all but a formal apparatus. However, a key challenge of physics remains to align everyday notions of experience -- be it directly or mediated through instruments of arbitrary sophistication -- with their mathematical formalisation. This applies in particular to quantum theory, arguably the most successful theory of physics ever invented. One of its core assumptions postulates: Observablescorrespondwithself−adjointoperators. Here, we argue that already this most basic premise about the quantum formalism falls apart under careful scrutiny, at least when understood for all observables at once. In other words, we challenge the role of the noncommutative algebra of bounded operators as an adequate formalisation of the 'algebra of observables', understood as (equivalence classes of) measurement procedures that admit a coherent empirical interpretation.