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International Journal of Quantum Information

PROBABILISTIC BIDIRECTIONAL QUANTUM SECURE COMMUNICATION BASED ON A SHARED PARTIALLY ENTANGLED STATES

Faiegh Sheikhehi, Mosayeb Naseri

Published Jan 1, 2011• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new probabilistic bidirectional quantum secure communication protocol based on a shared partially entangled states is proposed. In this scheme the decoy-photon technique is exploited to ensure the security of the transmission of qubits. The highlight of our protocol is that in addition to elimination of the drawback "information leakage", In our protocol it is not necessary to the parties of communication to have an ideal maximally entangled pairs, which makes this scheme more convenient than previews protocols in a practical application.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749911007332

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A new probabilistic bidirectional quantum secure communication protocol based on a shared partially entangled states is proposed. In this scheme the decoy-photon technique is exploited to ensure the security of the transmission of qubits. The highlight of our protocol is that in addition to elimination of the drawback "information leakage", In our protocol it is not necessary to the parties of communication to have an ideal maximally entangled pairs, which makes this scheme more convenient than previews protocols in a practical application.
Two deterministic secure quantum communication schemes are proposed, one based on pure entangled states and the other on ddd-dimensional single-photon states. In these two schemes, only single-photon measurements are required for the two authorized users, which makes the schemes more convenient than others in practical applications. Although each qubit can be read out after a transmission of additional classical bit, it is unnecessary for the users to transmit qubits double the distance between the sender and the receiver, which will increase their bit rate and their security. The parties use decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently. The obvious advantage in the first scheme is that the pure entangled source is feasible with present techniques.
Two quantum secure direct communication schemes are proposed based on pure entangled states and ddd-dimensional single-photon states, respectively. In these two schemes, only single-photon measurements are required for the two authorized users and two practical quantum signal sources are used for carrying information, which makes the schemes more convenient than others in a practical application. Although each qubit can be read out after a transmission of additional classical information, it is unnecessary for the users to transmit qubits carrying the secret message, which will increase their bit rate and their security. The parties use decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently.
In light of Lucamarini–Mancini's secure deterministic communication without entanglement [Phys. Rev. Lett94, (2005) 140501], by introducing an additional operation for encoding and additional classical information for decoding, we propose a new secure deterministic bidirectional communication protocol without using entanglement. In our protocol, two legitimate users can simultaneously exchange their different secret messages in a direct way with a set of communication devices. The proposed protocol is asymptotically secure in the limit of transmitting long messages.
We present a quantum secure direct communication protocol and a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and entanglement swapping. The present quantum secure direct communication protocol makes use of the ideal of block transmission. We also point out that the sender can encode his or her secret message without ensuring the security of the quantum channel firstly. In the multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol, the communication parties adopt checking mode or encoding mode with a certain probability. It is not necessary for the protocol to perform local unitary operation. In both the protocols, one party transmits only one photon for each Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair to another party and the security for the transmitting photons is ensured by selecting Z-basis or X-basis randomly to measure the sampling photons.
A theoretical scheme of bidirectional quantum secure direct communication is proposed in the context of driven cavity QED. We first present an entanglement swapping scheme in cavities where two atoms without previous interaction can be entangled with a success probability of unity. Then, based on a novel property of entanglement swapping, we propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol, in which two legitimate users can exchange their different secret messages simultaneously in a direct way. The probability of success in our scheme is 1.0. This scheme does not involve apparent (or direct) Bell-state measurements and is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field.