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International Journal of Quantum Information

SECURE DETERMINISTIC BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION WITHOUT ENTANGLEMENT

Zhong‐Xiao Man, Yun‐Jie Xia, Zhanjun Zhang

Published Aug 1, 2006• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In light of Lucamarini–Mancini's secure deterministic communication without entanglement [Phys. Rev. Lett94, (2005) 140501], by introducing an additional operation for encoding and additional classical information for decoding, we propose a new secure deterministic bidirectional communication protocol without using entanglement. In our protocol, two legitimate users can simultaneously exchange their different secret messages in a direct way with a set of communication devices. The proposed protocol is asymptotically secure in the limit of transmitting long messages.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749906002146

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In light of Lucamarini–Mancini's secure deterministic communication without entanglement [Phys. Rev. Lett94, (2005) 140501], by introducing an additional operation for encoding and additional classical information for decoding, we propose a new secure deterministic bidirectional communication protocol without using entanglement. In our protocol, two legitimate users can simultaneously exchange their different secret messages in a direct way with a set of communication devices. The proposed protocol is asymptotically secure in the limit of transmitting long messages.
A theoretical scheme of bidirectional quantum secure direct communication is proposed in the context of driven cavity QED. We first present an entanglement swapping scheme in cavities where two atoms without previous interaction can be entangled with a success probability of unity. Then, based on a novel property of entanglement swapping, we propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol, in which two legitimate users can exchange their different secret messages simultaneously in a direct way. The probability of success in our scheme is 1.0. This scheme does not involve apparent (or direct) Bell-state measurements and is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field.
In light of a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme using entanglement swapping [Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 (2005) 18], by introducing additional local operations for encoding, we propose a bidirectional QSDC (BQSDC) protocol, in which two legitimate users can simultaneously exchange their respective messages. The rule for the users to retrieve his/her partner's messages is derived explicitly in the most general case. Eve's commonly used attack method has been discussed and can be detected with the security checking process.
We propose a novel protocol for controlled bidirectional quantum secure communication based on a nonlocal swap gate scheme. Our proposed protocol would be applied to a system in which a controller (supervisor/Charlie) controls the bidirectional communication with quantum information or secret messages between legitimate users (Alice and Bob). In this system, the legitimate users must obtain permission from the controller in order to exchange their respective quantum information or secret messages simultaneously; the controller is unable to obtain any quantum information or secret messages from the decoding process. Moreover, the presence of the controller also avoids the problem of one legitimate user receiving the quantum information or secret message before the other, and then refusing to help the other user decode the quantum information or secret message. Our proposed protocol is aimed at protecting against external and participant attacks on such a system, and the cost of transmitting quantum bits using our protocol is less than that achieved in other studies. Based on the nonlocal swap gate scheme, the legitimate users exchange their quantum information or secret messages without transmission in a public channel, thus protecting against eavesdroppers stealing the secret messages.
We propose a new protocol for deterministic secure quantum communication with a four-qubit W state. In this protocol, by using four local two-particle unitary operations and Bell basis measurements, the two legitimate users can directly transmit secret messages after exchanging some additional classical information. It will be shown that our protocol has a high capacity as each W state can carry two bits of secret information, and has a high intrinsic efficiency because almost all the instances are useful. Furthermore, this protocol is feasible with present day techniques.