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Latin American journal of physics education

Qué es la luz

Arnaldo González Arias

Published Jan 1, 2008• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Sometimes in Physics is possible to find definitions that, trying to simplify the most, mislead instead of clarify. That happens when defining light, where you can easily find wrong definitions. Light behaves sometimes like a wave, and sometimes like a particle, with the oddness that, when behaving as a particle, its energy depends on the frequency defined by the non-compatible wave model. Anyway, light comprise both wave and particle characteristics together, but not as a simple addition; it is something more. However, the lack of a precise definition has not been an impediment for the creation of a number of devices by the modern technology such as lasers, optical fibers, micro video cameras or the recent plasma TV. Many other models have been tried, some of them very sophisticated, but at e moment no one has worked satisfactorily. th

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Sometimes in Physics is possible to find definitions that, trying to simplify the most, mislead instead of clarify. That happens when defining light, where you can easily find wrong definitions. Light behaves sometimes like a wave, and sometimes like a particle, with the oddness that, when behaving as a particle, its energy depends on the frequency defined by the non-compatible wave model. Anyway, light comprise both wave and particle characteristics together, but not as a simple addition; it is something more. However, the lack of a precise definition has not been an impediment for the creation of a number of devices by the modern technology such as lasers, optical fibers, micro video cameras or the recent plasma TV. Many other models have been tried, some of them very sophisticated, but at e moment no one has worked satisfactorily. th
Have you ever tried to define light? If so, your definition is probably related to vision, the ability to see things. The Merriam-Webster English dictionary defines light as “something that makes vision possible”. However, the definition of the “nature of light” is a complex term already discussed by philosophers of Ancient Greece. In the 17th century, the debate on the matter focused on whether light was a particle or a wave, based on the different properties of light that had been gradually discovered over time. Isaac Newton (1642−1727) was a defender of the corpuscular theory of light, which considered light to be formed by particles, i.e., small pieces of matter, like dust or grains of sand. He was the author of Opticks (1706), the front cover of which appears in Fig. 1.1. Christian Huygens (1629–1695), on the other hand, supported the theory that light is a wave. These are two completely different definitions of the same physical concept. A range of experiments were developed to attempt to clarify this dilemma, but it was only until 1900 when Max Planck (1858-1947) introduced the basis of a theory that would go on to revolutionize scientific thinking, marking the beginning of modern physics: quantum theory. Developed during the 20th century thanks to advances made by scientists such as Niels Bohr, Born, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Pauli, Dirac, Einstein or de Broglie, quantum theory clarified that light is neither a particle nor a wave, but that it has a dual nature: it behaves like a wave as it spreads but like a particle in its interactions with matter. In this book, we will specify where necessary whether light behaves as a particle or as a wave, although in most cases we refer to rays of light, which always represent the direction of propagation of light.
Abstract In Quantum Mechanics, two particles are entangled if their physical states depend on one another's so that if we find one of them in state A, for example, we will be sure that the other is in state B. However, until the state of a quantum particle is measured, it will be in a superposition of states, being in neither one nor the other until then, so when an entangled particle is measured, its pair also assumes a state instantly and regardless of how far away it is from the other particle at that time. As promising as it could be to use this fact for instantaneous communication, Quantum Mechanics seems to claim this is impossible, as no method ever invented to do this has worked until today. What we demonstrate here theoretically is that with a protocol and simple optical devices, two people who share polarized entangled pairs of photons can send information to each other faster than light. If this model of communication proves to be experimentally functional, we will have a contradiction to Einstein's theories of relativity, and otherwise, we will have Quantum Mechanics predicting something that does not happen in real life. This result, therefore, shows there is something fundamental about the universe we do not know yet. One of these theories must be mistaken and both deal with fundamental aspects of reality, such as the dynamics of space and time, and the particles that almost all matter around us are made of. Besides, this result is of great relevance also because it has immediate applications in several areas if the model works experimentally, as in space exploration and security, since it will allow the creation of non-interceptable instantaneous communication technologies.
The phenomena of light is one of the phenomena that mankind started to study most early. According to some researches, first lamp was made 70 000 years ago (it was made of some materials that could burn and on that way, made light). It is hard to imagine that mankind could not explain light until the year 1905. From 17th century until the 20th century light was scientific studied because some question related with light could not be explained. For over 350 years scientists have been trying to figure out about strange nature of light that makes it to behave sometimes as wave and sometimes as particle. Today is confirmed The dual theory of light – wave and corpuscular theory and depending on which phenomena we study, light can manifest as a wave or as a particle.