The phenomena of light is one of the phenomena that mankind started to study most
early. According to some researches, first lamp was made 70 000 years ago (it was made of
some materials that could burn and on that way, made light). It is hard to imagine that
mankind could not explain light until the year 1905. From 17th century until the 20th century
light was scientific studied because some question related with light could not be explained.
For over 350 years scientists have been trying to figure out about strange nature of light that
makes it to behave sometimes as wave and sometimes as particle. Today is confirmed The
dual theory of light – wave and corpuscular theory and depending on which phenomena we
study, light can manifest as a wave or as a particle.
The phenomena of light is one of the phenomena that mankind started to study most
early. According to some researches, first lamp was made 70 000 years ago (it was made of
some materials that could burn and on that way, made light). It is hard to imagine that
mankind could not explain light until the year 1905. From 17th century until the 20th century
light was scientific studied because some question related with light could not be explained.
For over 350 years scientists have been trying to figure out about strange nature of light that
makes it to behave sometimes as wave and sometimes as particle. Today is confirmed The
dual theory of light – wave and corpuscular theory and depending on which phenomena we
study, light can manifest as a wave or as a particle.
Have you ever tried to define light? If so, your definition is probably related to vision, the ability to see things. The Merriam-Webster English dictionary defines light as “something that makes vision possible”. However, the definition of the “nature of light” is a complex term already discussed by philosophers of Ancient Greece. In the 17th century, the debate on the matter focused on whether light was a particle or a wave, based on the different properties of light that had been gradually discovered over time. Isaac Newton (1642−1727) was a defender of the corpuscular theory of light, which considered light to be formed by particles, i.e., small pieces of matter, like dust or grains of sand. He was the author of Opticks (1706), the front cover of which appears in Fig. 1.1. Christian Huygens (1629–1695), on the other hand, supported the theory that light is a wave. These are two completely different definitions of the same physical concept. A range of experiments were developed to attempt to clarify this dilemma, but it was only until 1900 when Max Planck (1858-1947) introduced the basis of a theory that would go on to revolutionize scientific thinking, marking the beginning of modern physics: quantum theory. Developed during the 20th century thanks to advances made by scientists such as Niels Bohr, Born, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Pauli, Dirac, Einstein or de Broglie, quantum theory clarified that light is neither a particle nor a wave, but that it has a dual nature: it behaves like a wave as it spreads but like a particle in its interactions with matter. In this book, we will specify where necessary whether light behaves as a particle or as a wave, although in most cases we refer to rays of light, which always represent the direction of propagation of light.
In the mid-18th century, Isaac Newton regarded light as some extremely small particles. Based on this, Newton established the particle theory of light. In the mid-19th century, Huygens and Augustine Jean Fresnel conducted extensive research on light and concluded that light is a wave. Afterwards, Maxwell proposed the theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell believed that light is a wave with a wavelength within a limited range. With the establishment of Maxwell's equation electromagnetic wave theory, the wave nature of light began to dominate the mainstream consciousness; However, in the late 19th century, a series of experimental phenomena represented by the photoelectric effect could not be accurately explained by the wave theory of light. In 1905, Einstein proposed the concept of light quanta and successfully explained the photoelectric effect. While perfectly explaining these issues, a new question arises: what is the essence of light, given that both particle and wave properties can accurately reflect certain properties of light? It has always been the most fiercely debated issue in the history of optics. Einstein said that we are not yet clear about what light quanta are, and wave particle duality cannot fully explain optical phenomena. Based on the study of Albert Einstein's concept of quanta light, wave particle duality of light, string theory, and optical frequency combs, the author proposes the concept of lightstring, attempting to propose new ideas for studying the essence of light and its generation mechanism. Siwen Bi has been researching quantum remote sensing since March 2000 and quantum spectral imaging since June 2003, but has encountered some difficulties and problems. What is the basic theory of passive imaging in quantum remote sensing? How is technology implemented? What is the fundamental theory of quantum spectroscopy? The Implementation Technology of Quantum Optical Field Entangled States in Long Distance Quantum Detection Process? These difficulties and questions prompt the author of this article to contemplate and study the essence of light? What is the fundamental theory of the future technology of quantum optics? Siwen Bi conducted exploratory research on the nature of light in 2006. This article first provides an overview of the development history and research status of optics and describes the difficulties and shortcomings in fully explaining optical phenomena due to the wave particle duality of light quantum and light; Then, two inspiring viewpoints on optical frequency comb and chord theory were introduced. On this basis, the basic concept of optical string (optical frequency string), the prototype description of optical string, the mechanism of optical string generation, and the discussion of Lightstring, generation process are proposed and emphasized; Proposed the mechanism of string light effect. Published On Two Heuristic Viewpoints Concerning the Study of Light (October 13-15, 2014), New Viewpoints In Light Quantum Research: Lightstring (2016), Discuss wave-particle duality of light, (February 28, 2017), and an Exploratory research on the light quantum future technical basis (February 1, 2019). Over the past 17 years, achieved some original and innovative research results. some original innovative research achievements have been achieved. Received high praise from international scholars and professors, such as the American Journal of Physics and Applications, which sent me a congratulatory letter saying, "Dear Bi Siwen, Warmest greeting from the Editorial Department! It is reported that at the International conference on photo and optical Engineering (ICPOE 2014), a paper entitled" Two Enlightening Views on Optical Research "was published, and the theme of the paper impressed us deeply. It has attracted the attention of Photon researchers and Scholars ...Your research is highly appreciated by us … " And invite Professor Bi Siwen as a paper reviewer for the American Journal of Physics and Applications. I have received the paper review certificate, dated May 25th, 2018. Based on the above research, Siwen Bi elaborated on the geometric and kinematic characteristics of Lightstring, and proposed the essence of light based on the concept of Lightstring, in order to concretize the concept of light quanta. On this basis, the mechanism of string light effect based on the concept of optical string is proposed. An attempt has been made to further study the quantum and wave particle duality of light, gain a profound understanding of the nature of light, and answer the question "What is light?" by proposing a new approach and method for studying the nature of light and its generation mechanism. Proposed a study on optical quantum; The wave particle duality of light; New ideas, methods, and perspectives on the mechanism of light generation.
The study of light through the centuries has produced a number of theories and experiments. Newton advanced the corpuscular theory, building on the early Greek view of matter composed of atoms. Then Young essentially proved the wave nature of light through the interference experiments. Maxwell provided the firm theoretical basis for the wave nature. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, further experiments showed predictions based on a continuous wave led to the well-known ultraviolet catastrophe. Plank and Einstein originated and developed the notion of the photon as an elementary quantum of propagating electromagnetic (EM) energy. The first half of the 20th century saw the development of the field quantization and the quantum electrodynamics (QED). Feynmann labeled QED as ‘‘the best theory we have’’ to describe the matter-light interaction. The second half of the 20th century witnessed the development of the coherent and squeezed optical states attributable to Glauber and Yuen. The study of light and electromagnetic fields has a long history. This chapter explores the nature of light in terms of quantum optics.
Newton thought that light was made up of particles, but then it was discovered, as we have seen here, that it behaves like a wave. Later, however (in the beginning of the twentieth century) it was found that light did indeed sometimes behave like a particle. Historically, the electron, for example, was thought to behave like a particle, and then it was found that in many respects it behaved like a wave. So it really behaves like neither. Now we have given up. We say: “it is like neither.” ere is one lucky break, however-electrons behave like light. e quantum behaviour of atomic objects (electrons, protons, neutron, photons, and so on) is the same for all, they are all ‘particle waves’ or whatever you want to call them.
The beginning of the 20th century is marked by tremendous new scientific developments and specifically by the birth of quantum mechanics. It starts with Max Planck and Max Einstein, who introduce and apply the concept of quanta to characterize the energy of light. Quantum computers can considerably decrease the time it takes to complete calculations and solve extremely complex problems. Until the 18th century, very little is understood about light. According to the philosophers Euclid and Plato, light is produced by our eyes. Light is clearly capable of traveling through an interstellar void, while a wave needs a medium for material propagation to exist. However, because of Isaac Newton’s reputation, the corpuscular theory persists until the 19th century. When light is beamed on the top layer, it frees and pushes an electron that moves towards the bottom layer, creating a current. This current is then used to power engines for electric cars.