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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Fluorescence spectrum in the mode of a cavity QED system

M. L. Terraciano, R. Olson, Daniel L. Freimund, Luis A. Orozco, Perry R. Rice

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate theoretically and experimentally spontaneous emission into the mode of a cavity QED system in the frequency domain. We show that the fluorescence spectrum differs significantly from the vacuum Rabi splitting.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2006.4628865

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The spectrum of spontaneously emitted photons from an atom interacting with a single cavity mode depends on the relative sizes of the mode coupling constant and the cavity loss rate. If the coupling constant is not too large, perturbation theory can he used to show that the atomic linewidth is either increased (enhanced spontaneous emission) or decreased (inhibited spontaneous emission) by the presence of the cavity. When the coupling constant is so large that perturbation theory cannot be used, the spontaneous- emission spectrum forms a doublet, with peaks located at the normal-mode frequencies for the coupled-dipole and cavity-mode oscillators (the so-called "vacuum" Rabi splitting).
A composite atom-cavity system exhibits complex behavior with respect to spontaneous emission, resonance fluorescence, and transmission spectra.1–3 An early investigation1 showed that for an atom in an ideal cavity, the spontaneous-emission spectra show a doublet splitting in the case of very weak excitation. This splitting, which arises from vacuum-field Rabi oscillation, is regarded as an inherently quantum phenomenon.1,2 However, recent experiments and theoretical analyses have demonstrated that the multiatom vacuum Rabi splitting may be regarded as a feature of linear dispersion theory.3 This approach is dramatically different from the one employed in QED descriptions of the problem.
We calculate the spontaneous-emission characteristics of a quantum-well exciton embedded in the center of a planar microcavity and compare them with the emission characteristics in a single-mode cavity with lateral confinement of the electromagnetic field. The results indicate that because the modal structure of a planar microcavity consists of a spectrally dense continuum, the exciton decays into the cavity continuum with a time constant close to the free-space spontaneous-emission lifetime, even under conditions in which its spectrum displays the vacuum Rabi splitting. This behavior contrasts with the case of cavities with lateral in-plane confinement of the field, in which the vacuum Rabi splitting is the signature of a dramatic modification of the spontaneous-emission lifetime. The technological implications of this difference are discussed.