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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Semiclassical dynamics in spinor condensates

S. Raghavan, Han Pu, C. K. Law, Joseph H. Eberly, N. P. Bigelow

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute alkali atomic gases has revolutionized the field of macroscopic quantum coherence. Further, fundamental issues like symmetry breaking, collapse and revival of macroscopic wavefunctions can perhaps now be tested in an experimentally controllable way. A further step in the control and study of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) has been the creation of spinor condensates-BEC in different spin states-through optical confinement and has led to considerable theoretical activity.

DOI
10.1109/qels.1999.807288

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Summary form only given. The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute alkali atomic gases has revolutionized the field of macroscopic quantum coherence. Further, fundamental issues like symmetry breaking, collapse and revival of macroscopic wavefunctions can perhaps now be tested in an experimentally controllable way. A further step in the control and study of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) has been the creation of spinor condensates-BEC in different spin states-through optical confinement and has led to considerable theoretical activity.
For sufficiently low temperatures, a Bose gas experiences a transition into a Bose-Einstein condensate, characterized by a macroscopic occupation of the ground state of the system. The development of efficient cooling and trapping techniques for neutral atoms led in 1995, to the first observation of BEC in dilute alkali gases in 87Rb [1]. This remarkable achievement has been followed by BEC experiments in various other elements. The BEC has become during the last years, one of the most active and fruitful research areas of modern atomic physics, constituting an interdisciplinary field, which links atomic physics with various other research areas, like quantum optics, condensed-matter physics, and very especially nonlinear physics.
The realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in dilute gases of ultracold atoms has revolutionized quantum physics by offering an unprecedented platform to study quantum phenomena on macroscopic scales. Ultracold atomic systems, cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, exhibit collective behaviors governed by quantum statistics, coherence, and interactions. This article discusses the theoretical and experimental frameworks underpinning the formation of BECs, focusing on the trapping, cooling, and coherence properties of ultracold bosonic gases. Further, we delve into the role of quantum phase transitions, atom-atom interactions, and external field manipulation in controlling condensate dynamics. The implications of BECs extend into precision measurements, quantum simulation, and quantum computing, positioning them as a cornerstone in modern atomic and condensed matter physics.
Optical trapping as a viable means of exploring the physics of ultracold dilute atomic gases has revealed a new spectrum of physical phenomena. In particular, macroscopic and sudden occupation of the ground state below a critical temperature—-a phenomenon known as Bose-Einstein condensation—-has become an even richer system for the study of quantum mechanics, ultracold collisions, and many-body physics in general. Optical trapping liberates the spin degree of the BEC, making the order parameter vectorial (‘spinor BEC’), as opposed to the scalar order of traditional magnetically trapped condensates. The work described within is divided into two main efforts. The first encompasses the all-optical creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in rubidium vapor. An all-optical path to spinor BEC (as opposed to transfer to an optical trap from a magnetic-trap condensate) was desired both for the simplicity of the experimental setup and also for the potential gains in speed of creation; evaporative cooling, the only known path to dilute-gas condensation, works only as efficiently as the rate of elastic collisions in the gas, a rate that starts out much higher in optical traps. The first all-optical BEC was formed elsewhere in 2001; the years following saw many groups worldwide seeking to create their own version. Our own all-optical spinor BEC, made with a single-beam dipole trap formed by a focused CO₂ laser, is described here, with particular attention paid to trap loading, measurement of trap parameters, and the use of a novel 780 nm high-power laser system. The second part describes initial experiments performed with the nascent condensate. The spinor properties of the condensate are documented, and a measurement is made of the density-dependent rate of spin mixing in the condensate. In addition, we demonstrate a novel dual-beam atom laser formed by outcoupling oppositely polarized components of the condensate, whose populations have been coherently evolved through spin dynamics. We drive coherent spin-mixing evolution through adiabatic compression of the initially weak trap. Such dual beams, nominally number-correlated through the angular momentum-conserving collision m=0 + m=0 ⇌ m=+1 + m=-1 have been proposed as tools to explore entanglement and squeezing in Bose-Einstein condensates.
A Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) is an extraordinarily versatile state of matterthat allows for the simulation of quantum phenomena on the macroscopic scale. This powerful platform features rich physics such as superfluidity, quantum phase coherence, long range order, and spontaneous symmetry breaking. A spinor BEC, or a BEC with a spin degree of freedom, in particular is highly controllable as a quantum simulator, especially under the application of customizable optical lattices. In this thesis I present a study of spinor BECs in moving optical lattices. The results of this thesis open the way for the exploitation of not only quantum based properties of a BEC, but also the classical spatial dynamics inherit to the system for simulating many-body quantum spin dynamics with highly tunable, time-dependent interactions.