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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Bound on Noise of Coherent Source for Secure Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution

Peng Huang, Guangqiang He, Guihua Zeng

Published Jan 9, 2013• 21 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-012-1475-1

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Security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with four-state protocol based on discrete modulation of noisy coherent states is analyzed. Combing discrete modulation and reverse reconciliation, this protocol can be used for long distance cryptography. There is a small difference between the state Alice sends in the discrete modulation protocol and the Gaussian modulation protocol, and it can be treated as excess noise and loss in the channel. As Alice cannot do a precise modulation, she will induce noise to the coherent state. We look this noise as the source noise and derive a lower bound to the secure key rate assuming the eavesdropper cannot benefit from the noise in the source. For avoiding the fast and random phase locking between the signal and local oscillator in experiment, we also analyze the security of four-state protocol using no-switching scheme.
The noise in optical source preparation needs to be characterized for the security of practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Two feasible schemes, based on either an active optical switch or a passive beamsplitter, are proposed to monitor the variance of the source noise. We derive the security bounds for both schemes against collective attacks in the asymptotical limit and find that the passive scheme performs better. The finite-size effect is also discussed briefly for both schemes.