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Physical Review A

Experimental demonstration of a three-qubit quantum computation algorithm using a single photon and linear optics

Shigeki Takeuchi

Published Aug 3, 2000• 55 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum computer that gives us the result of a single quantum computation has been constructed. The quantum register was realized by modes and polarization of photons, and the unitary transformation was implemented with linear optics. For each quantum computation, the answer to the Deutsch Jozsa problem for any four-bit digit is given by a single-photon detection signal with a small error rate of less than 4%.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.62.032301

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A quantum computer that gives us the result of a single quantum computation has been constructed. The quantum register was realized by modes and polarization of photons, and the unitary transformation was implemented with linear optics. For each quantum computation, the answer to the Deutsch Jozsa problem for any four-bit digit is given by a single-photon detection signal with a small error rate of less than 4%.
A quantum computation algorithm is demonstrated using single photons and linear optics. Quantum registers are realized by modes and polarization of photons, and the unitary transformations for them are implemented with linear optics. For each quantum computation, the answer to the Deutsch Jozsa problem for any 4 bit digit is given by a single-photon detection signal with a small error rate. The origin of the error is also studied and categorized according to the sources: systematic errors of quantum gates, phase relaxation, amplitude dumping, and misreadout. It is suspected that a demonstration of 11 qubits using linear optics anda single photon with less than a 20 % error rate is achievable by the technique used in the experiment. As a further objective, an idea to construct controlled-NOT gate using quantum phase gate (QPG) given by Chuang et. al., is introduced and experiments on the QPGs are also reviewed.
Abstract In efforts toward the realization of quantum computers, there have been many proposals to implement controlled NOT gates between quantum bits (qubits). However, the number of quanta in the experimentally realized system has been at most two. Because it is difficult to cope with both the realization of the conditional interaction (e.g., huge nonlinear interaction) between the quanta, and the maintenance of quantum coherence for a sufficient time, the realization of quantum logic gates using several quanta may be difficult in the near future. In this paper, a new method which implements a quantum algorithm using linear optics and single photons is described. This method does not need any huge nonlinearity. Hence, it is practical with today's technology and will be one of the useful physical test beds for the quantum algorithms. The optical implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm with a 4‐bit input is proposed, and the mechanism is explained. As one instance of the recent progress of our project, an experiment of single‐photon interference using parametric fluorescence with highly stabilized interferometer system is reported. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(11): 52–60, 2001
The origin of errors in quantum computation implemented by linear optics is studied. The systematic errors of quantum gates, phase relaxation, amplitude dumping, and misreadout are considered as error sources, and the errors which occurred in a four-bit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm experiment are categorized according to the sources. The increase in the error rate with the expansion of the input size in the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm is also studied and it was found that the demonstration of 11 qubits using linear optics and a single photon with less than a 20% error rate is achievable by the technique used in the experiment.
We demonstrate a two-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with single photons from a single InP quantum dot. The qubits are implemented via the spatial mode and the polarization of a single photon. Our photon source is operated both under continuous and pulsed excitation, the latter allowing deterministic quantum logic by generating photons on demand with a strong suppression of two-photon events. The computation reached a success probability of up to 79%. We also exploit the concept of decoherence-free subspaces that helps to make our experimental setup robust against sources of phase noise.