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Physical Review Letters

Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm Using Triggered Single Photons from a Single Quantum Dot

Matthias Scholz, Thomas Aichele, Sven Ramelow, Oliver J. Benson

Published May 11, 2006• 54 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a two-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with single photons from a single InP quantum dot. The qubits are implemented via the spatial mode and the polarization of a single photon. Our photon source is operated both under continuous and pulsed excitation, the latter allowing deterministic quantum logic by generating photons on demand with a strong suppression of two-photon events. The computation reached a success probability of up to 79%. We also exploit the concept of decoherence-free subspaces that helps to make our experimental setup robust against sources of phase noise.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.96.180501

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We demonstrate a two-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with single photons from a single InP quantum dot. The qubits are implemented via the spatial mode and the polarization of a single photon. Our photon source is operated both under continuous and pulsed excitation, the latter allowing deterministic quantum logic by generating photons on demand with a strong suppression of two-photon events. The computation reached a success probability of up to 79%. We also exploit the concept of decoherence-free subspaces that helps to make our experimental setup robust against sources of phase noise.
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Many important realizations and proposals for applications in quantum information processing require single photons as carriers of quantum information. Here, we review different demonstrations of quantum applications using a deterministic single-photon source based on InP/GaInP quan- tum dots. First, the single-photon generation is described and verified by autocorrelation measurements. A modification of the correlation setup allows the simultaneous observation of wave and particle properties of the photons. Additional to single-photon emission, photon pairs and triplets from multi- exciton cascades were observed, as well. Using a Michelson interferometer an efficient separation of photon pairs can be achieved allowing multiplexing on a single-photon level. The applicability was demonstrated in a quantum key distribution experiment. As another application, different degrees of freedom of a single photon were used to realize a two-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Encoding the quantum information in appropriate bases, an operation of the setup resistant to phase fluctuation was demonstrated.
We present a two‐qubit quantum algorithm and multiplexed quantum cryptography as examples for quantum information processing using single photons generated in a single InP(GaInP) quantum dot. In the first part, a Deutsch‐Jozsa algorithm is executed with linear optics obtaining a fidelity of up to 79%, and noise‐resistant encoding is implemented by appropriate superpositions of spatial modes. In the second part, multiplexing enhances the bandwidth of quantum key distribution in a BB84 protocol.
A deterministic "on demand" source of single photons is a basic building block for linear quantum computation \cite{linear}, quantum cryptography \cite{crypto}, quantum teleportation \cite{teleport}, and quantum networks \cite{network}. In all these applications, quantum interference between two single-photon pulses on a symmetric beam splitter has been exploited \cite{review}, which imposes stringent requirement for the implemented single photons to be indistinguishable in all degrees of freedom, including their frequencies, spectral widths, pulse shapes, and polarizations. To generate single photons one requires a pumping mechanism to excite a "two-level emitter" and an efficient channeling of the subsequently emitted photons. The efficiency of the source can be enhanced by coupling the emitter to the waveguide \cite{manga} or a microcavity mode \cite{cklaw}. However, hitherto the solid-state single photon sources realized by using a quantum dot coupled with a microcavity rely on incoherent pumping of excitons, which leads to problems with timing jitter \cite{kiraz}, leading to a trade off between efficiency and indistinguishability. Here we introduce a means to realize a highly efficient solid state source of indistinguishable single photons using cavity-assisted adiabatic Raman passage in a single quantum dot - cavity system. We demonstrate pulse-triggered single photons with 100% efficiency and >90>90>90% indistinguishability using currently available experimental parameters.