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Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

Differential representations of dynamical oscillator symmetries in discrete Hilbert space

Andreas L. Ruffing

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As a very important example for dynamical symmetries in the context of q‐generalized quantum mechanics the algebra aa† − q−2a†a = 1 is investigated. It represents the oscillator symmetry SUq(1, 1) and is regarded as a commutation phenomenon of the q‐Heisenberg algebra which provides a discrete spectrum of momentum and space, i.e., a discrete Hilbert space structure. Generalized q‐Hermite functions and systems of creation and annihilation operators are derived. The classical limit q → 1 is investigated. Finally the SUq(1, 1) algebra is represented by the dynamical variables of the q‐Heisenberg algebra.

DOI
10.1155/s1026022600000455

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As a very important example for dynamical symmetries in the context of q‐generalized quantum mechanics the algebra aa† − q−2a†a = 1 is investigated. It represents the oscillator symmetry SUq(1, 1) and is regarded as a commutation phenomenon of the q‐Heisenberg algebra which provides a discrete spectrum of momentum and space, i.e., a discrete Hilbert space structure. Generalized q‐Hermite functions and systems of creation and annihilation operators are derived. The classical limit q → 1 is investigated. Finally the SUq(1, 1) algebra is represented by the dynamical variables of the q‐Heisenberg algebra.
It is shown that the generalization of the quantum harmonic oscillator to the case of the relativistic configurational space is a q-oscillator. The corresponding group of dynamical symmetry is the quantum group SUq(1,1). The deformation parameter being q=e- omega omega 0/ where omega 0=4mc2 and omega is a frequency of the oscillator. The deformed creation and annihilation operators are finite difference ones. The corresponding deformation of the Heisenberg-Weyl group and new coherent states are also considered.
Various examples of exactly solvable ‘discrete’ quantum mechanics are explored explicitly with emphasis on shape invariance, Heisenberg operator solutions, annihilation-creation operators, the dynamical symmetry algebras and coherent states. The eigenfunctions are the (q-) Askey-scheme of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials satisfying difference equation versions of the Schrödinger equation. Various reductions (restrictions) of the symmetry algebra of the Askey-Wilson system are explored in detail.
Quantum and classical mechanics of a system of q-deformed bosonic oscillators are considered. The q-deformed Heisenberg-Weyl algebra of creation and destruction operators is realized by differential operators in a space of functions of real commutative variables. The corresponding Hilbert space is constructed. In this approach, the deformation parameter turns out to be a function of the Planck constant, an oscillator frequency and a parameter with dimension of length. The Hamiltonian path integral is derived and its semiclassical approximation is investigated to obtain the corresponding q-deformed classical theory. The phase space spanned by the usual commutative coordinates is shown to be a cylinder in classical theory. The dimensional parameter introduced determines its radius. It is argued that the q-deformation can be associated with a special non-canonical transformation. The principle of least action for the classical q-deformed system is formulated. A representation of U q (m) in a space of functions on a phase space spanned by commutative coordinates is constructed.
We show the use of the theory of Lie algebras, especially their oscillator realizations, in the context of quantum mechanics. One can construct oscillator realizations from matrix realizations. In the case of symplectic and special orthogonal algebra, we demonstrate an alternative method of obtaining oscillator realizations from symmetric or exterior power of a vector space of annihilation and creation bosonic or fermionic operators. We find Lie algebra of polynomials of degree at most two in phase space of a mechanical system, which form the semi-direct product of the Heisenberg algebra and symplectic algebra. It is shown that a classical system with Hamiltonian function in this algebra can be quantized by two equivalent representations - Schrödinger or Bargmann-Fock representation. The second mentioned representation generates the same operators of symplectic algebra as we got from their previous formal construction from symmetric power of a vector space of bosonic operators. Quantization is demonstrated on the bosonic harmonic oscillator. We use the similarities between bosonic and fermionic oscillator realizations to define the fermionic harmonic oscillator. Some properties of spinor representations of special orthogonal algebra are illustrated on its state space. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
The continuous-variable representation of the dynamic group is discussed in general terms, based on the differential of the group manifold. The unified formalism of various continuous-variable representations of the dynamic group is presented, and the essential common features of different continuous-variable representation theories are exploited from the general mathematical-physical point of view. The right-hand isomorphic representation and the left-hand anti-isomorphic representation of the dynamic group, and their relationship and physical implication are discussed in detail. Specialization of the general formalism to the function spaces of the group, based on both the Hilbert space of quantum-mechanical states and the von Neumann space of the quantum-statistical states (density matrices), leads to the results of both the generator coordinate approach to the dynamic-group representation and the generalized quantum characteristic function method. Techniques for calculating the continuous-variable representation of the group algebra are proposed and illustrated with the Lipkin SU(2), the Elliott SU(3), and its extension Sp(6) symmetries as examples. The results obtained for these dynamic groups are instructive for both physicists and mathematicians.
Representations of discrete symmetry operators (DSO's) connected with space (𝒫), time (T), and generalized charge (𝒞) are considered. It is shown that if one writes a DSO as exp (iπΩ) × a phase transformation, then (under certain conditions on Ωs) to each DSO there corresponds a set of Ωs which is closed with respect a Lie algebra, which is isomorphic to the Lie algebra of generators of rotation in an n-dimensional Euclidean space; where n is the number of commuting observables that changes sign under this DSO in a given representation (e.g. linear momentum representation). In the particular case of the (T𝒞𝒫) operation, there are six Ωs, of which two are diagonal, viz. the generalized charge Q, and spin projection along the z axis Sz; corresponding Euclidean group is four-dimensional. For the sake of completeness, the representations are also given for the following cases: (i) nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, (ii) quantum theory of free fields, in terms of field operators.