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Chinese Physics B

Quantum communication and entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum fields

Zheng Shi-Biao

Published Jun 1, 2010• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes and the fibre are not excited. The quantum state is mediated by the vacuum fields. The idea can be used to realize quantum entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/19/6/064204

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Dec 1, 2011•2 citations
This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes and the fibre are not excited. The quantum state is mediated by the vacuum fields. The idea can be used to realize quantum entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum.
A scheme is proposed to unconditionally implement state transfer between two distant atoms by sending the atoms across two distant cavities connected via an optical fibre, respectively. The field state, which preserves the information about the first atom, is transmitted from one cavity to the other along the fibre. A Faraday rotator integrated in the fibre can be designed to completely stop the fields reflected from the second cavity, thus after the field interacts with the second atom for a defined time, the state transfer can be accomplished with unit efficiency.
The generation of atomic entanglement is discussed in a system that atoms are trapped in separate cavities which are connected via optical fibres. Two distant atoms can be projected to Bell-state by synchronized turning off of the local laser fields and then performing a single quantum measurement by a distant controller. The distinct advantage of this scheme is that it works in a regime where Δ ≈ κ ≫ g, which makes the scheme insensitive to cavity strong leakage. Moreover, the fidelity is not affected by atomic spontaneous emission.
A scheme, based on the system composed of three atoms separately trapped in three cavities coupled by optical fibres, for entangling two distant atoms via the adiabatic passage is proposed. It is found that the multi-particle W entangled state can also be generated. Moreover, the quantum information sharing can be implemented using this system. These results may be helpful for the implementation of quantum network and useful in quantum cryptography. This scheme is also convenient for operating since only the laser fields applied to the atoms need to be adjusted to accomplish the processes.
This paper presents a treatment of the entanglement transfer between atoms in two distant cavities coupled by an optical fibre. If the atoms resonantly and collectively interact with the local single-mode cavity fields and the dipole–dipole interaction between the atoms is neglected, then it shows that a complete transfer of entanglement from one pair of atoms to another can be deterministically realized. Furthermore, it also investigates the effects of dipole–dipole interaction on entanglement transfer on the condition that the interaction between the atoms and the cavity is much weaker than the coupling between the cavity and the fibre.
Based on the coupling of two distant three-level atoms in two separate optical cavities connected with two optical fibres, schemes on the generation of several two-qubit logic gates are discussed under the conditions of Δ = δ − 2νcos π k /2 ≫ g /2 and ν ∼ g . Discussion and analysis of the fidelity, gate time and experimental setups show that our schemes are feasible with current optical cavity, atomic trap and optical fibre techniques. Moreover, the atom—cavity—fibre coupling can be used to generate an N -qubit nonlocal entanglement and transfer quantum information among N distant atoms by arranging N atom—cavity assemblages in a line and connecting each two adjacent cavities with two optical fibres.