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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Theory of control of the dynamics of the interface between stationary and flying qubits

Wang Yao, Ren‐Bao Liu, Lu Jeu Sham

Published Sep 21, 2005• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme of control for the arbitrary interplay between a stationary qubit and a flying qubit (carried by a single-photon wavepacket) at a quantum interface composed of a three-level system coupled to a continuum through a cavity. It can be used for generation or reception of an arbitrarily shaped single-photon wavepacket. The generation process can also be controlled to create entanglement between the stationary qubit and flying qubit. The generation and reception operation can be combined to perform quantum network operations such as transfer, swap and entanglement creation for qubits at distant nodes.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/7/10/016

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We present a scheme of control for the arbitrary interplay between a stationary qubit and a flying qubit (carried by a single-photon wavepacket) at a quantum interface composed of a three-level system coupled to a continuum through a cavity. It can be used for generation or reception of an arbitrarily shaped single-photon wavepacket. The generation process can also be controlled to create entanglement between the stationary qubit and flying qubit. The generation and reception operation can be combined to perform quantum network operations such as transfer, swap and entanglement creation for qubits at distant nodes.
We propose a dot-cavity-waveguide coupled system as a quantum interface for stationary spin qubits and flying photon qubits. The exact solution to the dynamics of the interface is given which allows the generation or reception of an arbitrarily designated wave-packet of a single photon. Such control can be used for realizing operations such as quantum state transfer, entanglement swapping or deterministic entanglement creation in a quantum network. The interface can also be used as a deterministic source and an efficient detector of a single photon wavepacket with an arbitrarily specified shape and average photon number.
A cavity coupling, a charged nanodot, and a fiber can act as a quantum interface, through which a stationary spin qubit and a flying photon qubit can be interconverted via a cavity-assisted Raman process. This Raman process can be made to generate or annihilate an arbitrarily shaped single-photon wave packet by pulse shaping the controlling laser field. This quantum interface forms the basis for many essential functions of a quantum network, including sending, receiving, transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits at distributed quantum nodes as well as a deterministic source and an efficient detector of a single-photon wave packet with arbitrarily specified shape and average photon number. Numerical study of errors from noise and system parameters on the operations shows high fidelity and robust tolerance.
The control of flying qubits is at the core of quantum networks. When the flying qubits are carried by single-photon fields, the control involves not only their logical states but also their shapes. In this paper we explore a variety of flying-qubit control problems using a three-level atom with time-varying tunable couplings to two input-output channels. It is shown that one can tune the couplings of a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom to distribute a single photon into the two channels with arbitrary shapes, or use a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom or a VVV-type atom to catch an arbitrary-shape distributed single photon. The $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom can also be designed to transfer a flying qubit from one channel to the other, with both the central frequency and the photon shape being converted. With a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}$-type atom, one can shape a pair of correlated photons via cascaded emission. In all cases, analytical formulas are derived for the coupling functions to fulfill these control tasks. Their correlation properties and physical limitations are discussed as well. These results provide useful control protocols for high-fidelity quantum information transmission over complex quantum networks.
We present a scheme of control for the arbitrary optical interface mediated by a nanoscale mechanical oscillator between flying qubits and optical nonactive solid-state qubits. This quantum interface lays the foundation for many key functions of a quantum network, such as transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits between distant nodes of a quantum network. Numerical simulations of the quantum interface operations show high fidelities and robust tolerance under realistic experimental conditions. Compared with a previous scheme [K. Stannigel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 220501 (2010)], it may significantly increase the speed of state transfer operation of high fidelity.
We consider a general proposal for generating a train of entangled single-photon wavepackets. The photons are created inside a resonator via an interaction with an active medium. In the course of the generation process photons are transferred to the continuum outside the resonator through cavity loss. We show that wave packets generated in this way can be regarded as independent logical qubits. This and the possibility of producing strong entanglement between the qubits suggests many applications in quantum communication. We give a specific example in the context of cavity QED and show that undesired decoherence effects can be efficiently reduced in the considered scheme.