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Optics Express

Transmission and time delay properties of an integrated system consisting of atomic vapor cladding on top of a micro ring resonator

Liron Stern, Uriel Levy

Published Dec 4, 2012• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the transmission and time delay properties of light propagating through a microring resonator (MRR) consisting of a solid core waveguide surrounded by an atomic vapor cladding. Using the atomic effective susceptibility of Rubidium we derive the complex transmission spectrum of the integrated system. We show, that when the system is under-coupled, the transmission can exceed the standalone MRR's background transmission and is accompanied by enhanced positive time delay. It is shown that in this case the contrast of the atomic lines is greatly enhanced. This allows achieving high optical densities at short propagation length. Furthermore, owing to its features such as small footprint, high tunability, and high delay-transmission product, this system may become an attractive choice for chip scale manipulations of light.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.028082

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•Dec 8, 2016•10 citations
In this paper we analyze the transmission and time delay properties of light propagating through a microring resonator (MRR) consisting of a solid core waveguide surrounded by an atomic vapor cladding. Using the atomic effective susceptibility of Rubidium we derive the complex transmission spectrum of the integrated system. We show, that when the system is under-coupled, the transmission can exceed the standalone MRR's background transmission and is accompanied by enhanced positive time delay. It is shown that in this case the contrast of the atomic lines is greatly enhanced. This allows achieving high optical densities at short propagation length. Furthermore, owing to its features such as small footprint, high tunability, and high delay-transmission product, this system may become an attractive choice for chip scale manipulations of light.
Abstract The coupling of atomic and photonic resonances serves as an important tool for enhancing light‐matter interactions and enables the observation of multitude of fascinating and fundamental phenomena. Here, by exploiting the platform of atomic‐cladding wave guides, the resonant coupling of rubidium vapor and an atomic cladding micro ring resonator is experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, cavity‐atom coupling in the form of Fano resonances having a distinct dependency on the relative frequency detuning between the photonic and the atomic resonances is observed. Moreover, significant enhancement of the efficiency of all optical switching in the V‐type pump‐probe scheme is demonstrated. The coupled system of micro‐ring resonator and atomic vapor is a promising building block for a variety of light vapor experiments, as it offers a very small footprint, high degree of integration and extremely strong confinement of light and vapor. As such it may be used for important applications, such as all optical switching, dispersion engineering (e.g. slow and fast light) and metrology, as well as for the observation of important effects such as strong coupling, and Purcell enhancement. image
An all-pass microring-Bragg gratings (APMR-BG) based coupling resonant system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission for the first time. The coupling between two light path ways in the micro-ring resonator and the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by two sections of Bragg gratings gives rise to the EIT-like spectrum. This system has the advantage of a small footprint consisting of only one microring resonator and one bus waveguide with Bragg gratings. It also has a large fabrication tolerance as the overlap requirement between the resonance wavelengths of the microring and the F-P resonator is more relaxed. The two most important properties of the EIT-like transmission namely the insertion loss (IL) and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) have been analytically investigated by utilizing the specially developed model based on the transfer matrix method. The APMR-BG based coupling resonant system was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The EIT-like transmission with an extinction ratio (ER) of 12 dB, a FWHM of 0.077 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) of 20200 was achieved, which agree well with the simulated results based on our numerical model. A slow light with a group delay of 38 ps was also obtained.
Strong coupling between atomic ensembles and high-quality optical cavities enables collective and nonlinear phenomena that are central to cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Many experiments have been performed on this topic, with most of them focusing on cold atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate collective strong coupling between thermal rubidium vapor and high-quality silicon nitride microring resonators (MRRs) on an integrated photonic chip. We observe cavity-mode splitting, with a measured collective coupling strength of g N / 2 π ≈ 1 G Hz and a collective cooperativity of C N ≈ 2 at 110 ∘ C , indicating coherent energy exchange between the atomic ensemble and the cavity mode despite rapid decoherence in the thermal vapor system. We infer an average of 20 atoms effectively participating in the collective interaction, yielding a single-atom cooperativity of C 0 = 0.1 and approaching the single-atom strong-coupling regime. Our results establish the integrated thermal vapor MRR platform as a robust, compact, and scalable system for studying collective and nonlinear phenomena in cQED.
We study an integrated silicon photonic chip, composed of several sub-wavelength ridge waveguides, and immersed in a micro-cell with rubidium vapor. Employing two-photon excitation, including a telecom wavelength, we observe that the waveguide transmission spectrum gets modified when the photonic mode is coupled to rubidium atoms through its evanescent tail. Due to the enhanced electric field in the waveguide cladding, the atomic transition can be saturated at a photon number ≈80 times less than a free-propagating beam case. The non-linearity of the atom-clad Si-waveguide is about 4 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum achievable value in doped Si photonics. The measured spectra corroborate well with a generalized effective susceptibility model that includes the Casimir-Polder potentials, due to the dielectric surface, and the transient interaction between flying atoms and the evanescent waveguide mode. This work paves the way towards a miniaturized, low-power, and integrated hybrid atomic-photonic system compatible with CMOS technologies.
Micro-ring resonators (MRRs) are employed to generate signals used for optical communication applications, where they can be integrated in a single system. These structures are ideal candidates for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) photonic circuits, since they provide a wide range of optical signal processing functions while being ultra-compact. Soliton pulses have sufficient stability for preservation of their shape and velocity. Technological progress in fields such as tunable narrow band laser systems, multiple transmission, and MRR systems constitute a base for the development of new transmission techniques. Controlling the speed of a light signal has many potential applications in fiber optic communication and quantum computing. The slow light effect has many important applications and is a key technology for all optical networks such as optical signal processing. Generation of slow light in MRRs is based on the nonlinear optical fibers. Slow light can be generated within the micro-ring devices, which will be able to be used with the mobile telephone. Therefore, the message can be kept encrypted via quantum cryptography. Thus perfect security in a mobile telephone network is plausible. This research study involves both numerical experiments and theoretical work based on MRRs for secured communication.