Quantum computation, the ultimate goal of future computing, is an interesting field for researchers.The concept of quantum computation is based on basics of quantum mechanics.A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.The basic principle behind quantum computation is that quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on these data.A quantum computer operates by manipulating the qubits with a fixed sequence of quantum logic gates.The sequence of gates to be applied is called a quantum algorithm.The field of quantum computation algorithm is fast moving and the scope is vast.Major quantum algorithms are summarized in this paper along with their applications.
Quantum computation, the ultimate goal of future computing, is an interesting field for researchers.The concept of quantum computation is based on basics of quantum mechanics.A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data.The basic principle behind quantum computation is that quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on these data.A quantum computer operates by manipulating the qubits with a fixed sequence of quantum logic gates.The sequence of gates to be applied is called a quantum algorithm.The field of quantum computation algorithm is fast moving and the scope is vast.Major quantum algorithms are summarized in this paper along with their applications.
The quantum computer, is a "supercomputer" that relies on the phenomena of quantum mechanics to perform operations on data. Object of suppositions, sometimes farfetched, quantum mechanics gave birth to the quantum computer, a machine capable of processing data tens of millions of times faster than a conventional computer. A quantum computer doesn't use the same memory as a conventional computer. Rather than a sequence of 0 and 1, it works with qubits or quantum bits. The quantum computer is a combination of two major scientific fields: quantum mechanics and computer science. Quantum mechanics, on which this computer is based, governs the movement of bodies in the atomic, molecular and corpuscular domains, is a theory whose logic is totally contrary to intuition and it is essential to use mathematics to fully grasp it. Quantum computing is the sub-domain of computer science that deals with quantum computers using quantum mechanical phenomena, as opposed to those of electricity exclusively, for so-called "classical" computing. The quantum phenomena used are quantum entanglement and superposition. The article examines some aspects related to the development, operation, advantages and difficulties, applications and future of the quantum computer.
Quantum computing plays a major role in modern computation. It can perform operations exponentially faster when compared to classical computation. It has applications in various areas like secure communication, drug design, artificial intelligence, cyber security, etc. Thus, the researchers and students are showing interest to perform experiments in quantum computing to design novel architectures. But to learn/understand quantum computing, one should have strong knowledge of its basics. Because quantum computing performs operations at the atomic level, so the learners need to understand basic concepts like Qubits, superposition, quantum gates, etc. This chapter gives a clear idea about the basic concepts of quantum computing like Qubits, superposition, entanglement, and quantum gates.
Quantum computing plays a major role in modern computation. It can perform operations exponentially faster when compared to classical computation. It has applications in various areas like Secure communication, Drug design, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber security, etc. Thus the researchers and students are showing interest to perform experiments in quantum computing to design novel architectures. But to learn/understand quantum computing, one should have strong knowledge of its basics. Because quantum computing performs operations at the atomic level, so the learners need to understand basic concepts like Qubits, Superposition, Quantum gates, etc. Therefore this chapter gives a clear idea about the basic concepts of quantum computing like Qubits, Superposition, Entanglement, Teleportation, and Quantum gates.
A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. In a classical (or conventional) computer, the amount of data is measured by bits, in a quantum computer; it is measured by quantum of bits (qubits). This work describes, and implements the universal quantum logic gates, the terminology is introduced with two well known quantum gates, the quantum NOT, and the quantum XOR gates. The NOT and XOR gates have already been described in classical reversible logic. This work gives the implementation of the quantum circuits, such as the Quantum Half-Adder Circuits, which consists of quantum control control not gate (CCNot) and quantum control not gate (CNot). Also, it describes and implements the Quantum Full-Adder Circuits, which consists of two Quantum Half-Adder Circuits and one control not gate (CNot). Depending on the quantum circuits, one can implement the quantum basic arithmetic operations such as (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division). After each implementation, the computational complexity of each step is calculated. Key words:
Quantum computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to address intricate problems that traditional computers find challenging. Operating on qubits, quantum computers execute multidimensional quantum algorithms, offering a unique perspective compared to traditional computing concepts. Positioned as the future of computing technology, quantum computing finds applications in diverse fields, including cryptography, material science, agriculture, and computer science. Despite promising progress, the field faces challenges in achieving quantum supremacy over conventional computers. This paper explores key quantum computing concepts, such as qubits and their characteristics, along with applications, while also delving into future advancements and the expansive scope of quantum technology. In essence, quantum computing represents the future of technology, harnessing quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement for computational tasks.
Quantum computing represents a transformative paradigm that exploits the principles of quantum mechanics—superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference—to perform computations beyond the capabilities of classical computers. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts underlying quantum computation, including qubits, quantum gates, quantum algorithms and measurement theory. It further examines major physical implementations of quantum computers, such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, photonic systems, spin-based qubits, and topological approaches, highlighting their operational principles, advantages, and technological limitations. Key challenges hindering large-scale quantum computation—decoherence, error rates, qubit scalability, and fault tolerance—are critically discussed. Additionally, recent progress in quantum error correction, hybrid quantum–classical algorithms, and hardware optimization is summarized. The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential applications of quantum computing in cryptography, materials science, optimization, and drug discovery. By integrating theoretical foundations with experimental advancements, this article aims to provide a clear and accessible reference for students, researchers, and scientists entering the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing.