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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Coupling effects in saturable gain media with interfering coherent optical amplifier pump beams

Yuri Mitnick, Moshe Horowitz, B. Fischer

Published Jan 1, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We investigate special coupling effects in an Er-doped optical fibre amplifier, of which the gain medium is optically pumped by two mutually coherent counterpropagating pump waves that interfere inside the amplifier. The result is a unique filtering behavior where the signal gain becomes dependent on the wavelength and on the optical phases of the pump waves. This effect can be used for obtaining filters and single-mode operation of lasers. The wavelength of such a laser can be controlled by changing the wavelength or the phases of the pump waves. We have also shown previously that bidirectional pumping may cause bistability.

DOI
10.1109/cleo.1998.676076

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Chinese Physics•Jan 20, 2003•1 citation
Summary form only given. We investigate special coupling effects in an Er-doped optical fibre amplifier, of which the gain medium is optically pumped by two mutually coherent counterpropagating pump waves that interfere inside the amplifier. The result is a unique filtering behavior where the signal gain becomes dependent on the wavelength and on the optical phases of the pump waves. This effect can be used for obtaining filters and single-mode operation of lasers. The wavelength of such a laser can be controlled by changing the wavelength or the phases of the pump waves. We have also shown previously that bidirectional pumping may cause bistability.
We theoretically investigate new coupling and indirect wave-mixing effects formed in a three-level atomic gain medium that is optically pumped by two mutually coherent beams that propagate in opposite directions. The interference of the pump beams and the saturation effects caused by the signal waves periodically modulate the gain along the amplifier that is due to spatial hole burning. In cases when the interference patterns of the pump and the signal waves are spatially synchronized, the signal gain becomes dependent on the frequencies and the optical phases of the pump and the signal waves. This dependence can be used for obtaining controllable narrow-band filters and for obtaining single-mode operation in lasers.
We analyze the gain behavior of an optical amplifier that is optically pumped by two counterpropagating beams that are mutually coherent. The pump beams interfere inside the amplifier, resulting in a nonuniform distribution of the pumping. In the low-pump-intensity regions of the amplifier, the medium absorbs, and in the high-pump-intensity regions amplification can be obtained. The combination of the absorbing regions and the amplifying can lead to bistable behavior inside a resonator. The effect was analyzed for three-level gain media applicable to erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers.
Brillouin amplification, the most prominent effect implemented with Brillouin dynamical gratings (BDG), enables exponential narrowband gain that is Stokes-shifted by some value in the GHz range. In this process, the interaction of the counterpropagating pump and Stokes waves through a BDG they produce causes an increase of the Stokes-shifted wave amplitude and decrease of the pump wave amplitude during their propagation through the fiber. Here, we report on a similar effect that could be implemented in rare-earth-doped fibers with the population inversion dynamical gratings. The effect is the most pronounced in a bidirectional rare-earth-doped optical fiber amplifier. Two monochromatic optical signal waves are introduced into the fiber from opposite ends and experience amplification (if the fiber is pumped) or attenuation (if the fiber is unpumped) as they propagate through the fiber. The signal waves are coherent on a sub-kHz level and slightly detuned. In terms commonly accepted in stimulated Brillouin scattering these counterpropagating signal waves correspond to what is referred to as "pump" and "Stokes" waves. However, in contrast to the Brillouin process, their interference inside the rare-earth-doped fiber creates not acoustic, but the population inversion dynamical gain grating. Then interaction between the signal waves and created population inversion dynamical gratings cause a strong power transfer from one signal wave to another.
The structure of combining two segments of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) together—one EDF acting as an amplifier and the other as an absorber—has a special gain characteristic curve which has a maximum gain with an increase in the input signal power. This special gain characteristic curve can lead to an optical bistability (OB) phenomenon in a fiber-ring laser employing an EDF of this structure. By adjusting the pump light power injected into the second segment of the EDF, we can change the behavior of the absorber and can, therefore, control the range of the bistability region. A method is proposed to calculate the tunable optical bistability, and the calculation result is in accordance with our experiment.