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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Atomic quantum motion and single-mode waveguiding in a hollow metallic waveguide

Zhengling Wang, Jianping Yin

Published May 28, 2008• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel scheme to realize atomic quantum motion, single-mode waveguiding, and coherence propagation by using a blue-detuned TE01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide (HMW). In this scheme, ultracold atoms can not only be guided in the dark region of the TE01 mode in the HMW (which will suffer the minimal light shift and the lowest spontaneous emission loss), but also retain some advantages of dark hollow beam atomic guiding (which has a larger hollow radius and a higher vacuum). Our study shows that if the incident angle of the ultracold atoms of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is very small and the deviation of the trapping frequency of the BEC from one of the HMWs is very small, the ultracold atoms may remain in the initial coherent state in the course of atomic coupling from the BEC to the HMW. The ground mode of the matter wave and the degree of first- (or second-) order coherence of guided ultracold atoms can be unchanged during propagation in the straight HMW and almost unchanged for several 10-cm propagation distances with a curvature radius ~1.5 m in the curved HMW.

DOI
10.1364/josab.25.001051

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We propose a novel scheme to realize atomic quantum motion, single-mode waveguiding, and coherence propagation by using a blue-detuned TE01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide (HMW). In this scheme, ultracold atoms can not only be guided in the dark region of the TE01 mode in the HMW (which will suffer the minimal light shift and the lowest spontaneous emission loss), but also retain some advantages of dark hollow beam atomic guiding (which has a larger hollow radius and a higher vacuum). Our study shows that if the incident angle of the ultracold atoms of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is very small and the deviation of the trapping frequency of the BEC from one of the HMWs is very small, the ultracold atoms may remain in the initial coherent state in the course of atomic coupling from the BEC to the HMW. The ground mode of the matter wave and the degree of first- (or second-) order coherence of guided ultracold atoms can be unchanged during propagation in the straight HMW and almost unchanged for several 10-cm propagation distances with a curvature radius ~1.5 m in the curved HMW.
We propose a new scheme to guide cold atoms (or molecules) using a blue-detuned TE(01) doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide (HMW), and analyze the electromagnetic field distributions of various modes in the HMW. We calculate the optical potentials of the TE(01) doughnut mode for three-level atoms using dressed-atom approach, and find that the optical potential of the TE(01) mode is high enough to guide cold atoms released from a standard magneto-optical trap. Our study shows that when the input laser power is 0.5W and its detuning is 3GHz, the guiding efficiency of cold atoms in the straight HMW with a hollow radius of 15 microm can reach 98%, and this guiding efficiency will be almost unchanged with the change of curvature radius R of the bent HMW as R > 2cm, which is a desirable scheme to do some atom-optics experiments or realize a computer-controlled atom lithography with an arbitrary pattern. We also analyze the losses of the guided atoms in the HMW due to the spontaneous emission and background thermal collisions and briefly discuss some potential applications of our guiding scheme in atom and molecule optics.
We propose a novel scheme to guide cold atoms using a blue-detuned TE 01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic waveguide, calculate the electromagnetic field distribution of the TE 01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide, and compare the attenuation characters of the EH 11 and TE 01 mode in the hollow metallic waveguide. We also calculate the optical potential of the TE 01 doughnut mode for two-level 85 Rb atoms and estimate the photon scattering rate. It is found that when the detuning δ = 300 GHz, the photon scattering induced heating can be neglected, and the optical potential ( U max ≈570 mK) of the TE 01 mode is high enough to load cold atoms (120 μK) from a standard magneto-optical trap and to guide them in the hollow metallic waveguide, which is a desirable scheme to realize a computer-controlled atom lithography with an arbitrary pattern.
We propose a novel scheme to guide cold atoms using a blue-detuned TE01 doughnut mode in a hollow metallic aveguide, calculate the electromagnetic field distribution of the TErn mode in the hollow metallic waveguide,and compare the attenuation characters of the EH11 and TErn mode in the hollow metallic waveguide. We also alculate the optical potential of the TErn doughnut mode for two-level ^85Rb atoms and estimate the photon cattering rate. It is found that when the detuning δ = 300 GHz, the photon scattering induced heating can e neglected, and the optical potential (Umax=570 mK) of the TErn mode is high enough to load cold atoms(120μK) from a standard magneto-optical trap and to guide them in the hollow metallic waveguide, which is a esirable scheme to realize a computer-controlled atom lithography with an arbitrary pattern.
One of the more promising proposals for guiding and focusing neutral atoms involves dark hollow laser beams. When the frequency of the laser is detuned to the blue of resonance, the dipole force the atoms feel in the light confines them to the dark core where the atoms can be transported with minimal interaction with the light. The ability of the all-light atom guides to transport large number of ultracold atoms for long distances without physical walls leads to the possibility of a versatile tool for atom lithography, atom interferometry, atomic spectroscopy as well as for transporting and manipulating Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore since the atoms transported in all-light atom guides do not come into contact with matter, they can in principle be used to transport antimatter as well. In this work a hollow beam atom tunnel is demonstrated by guiding magneto-optically trapped ultracold cesium atoms with a hollow core laser beam. The 1mm diameter diffractionless hollow beam used to construct the atom tunnel was generated from a TEM00 mode diode laser at 852 nm using a series of axicons and simple lenses. The axicon generated hollow beam has a dark core extended for most of its diameter and
We demonstrate guiding of cold 85Rb atoms through a 100-micron-diameter hollow core dielectric waveguide using cylindrical hollow modes. We have transported atoms using blue-detuned light in the 1st order, azimuthally-polarized TE01 hollow mode, and the 2nd order hollow modes (HE31, EH11, and HE12), and compared these results with guidance in the red-detuned, fundamental HE11 mode. The blue-detuned hollow modes confine atoms to low intensity along the capillary axis, far from the walls. We determine scattering rates in the guides by directly measuring the effect of recoil on the atoms. We observe higher atom numbers guided using red-detuned light in the HE11 mode, but a 10-fold reduction in scattering rate using the 2nd order modes, which have an r4 radial intensity profile to lowest order. We show that the red-detuned guides can be used to load atoms into the blue-detuned modes when both high atom number and low perturbation are desired.
We present a theoretical analysis of coherent atomic motion through a straight atomic waveguide constructed from a hollow optical fiber. Atoms are guided by the evanescent light field at the fiber's interior glass-vacuum interface. The atoms' internal structure is modeled by a Jg{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{g}}Jg​=0 to Je{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{e}}Je​=1 transition. The atomic wave functions are determined and the loss rates due to spontaneous emission, tunneling to the wall, and nonadiabatic transitions are estimated. The influence of Casimir-Polder forces is considered. We conclude with a discussion of the feasibility of the proposed waveguides.