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Optics Letters

Intensity-dependent polarization rotation associated with type II phase-matched second-harmonic generation: application to self-induced transparency

L. Lefort, Alain Barthélémy

Published Sep 1, 1995• 56 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that a polarization rotation of the fundamental, associated with type II second-harmonic generation, occurs when the e-wave and o-wave inputs carry unbalanced intensities. This effect is applied to a device exhibiting a self-induced transparency. Experimental results are reported. The same effect may be used to realize an optical limiter.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.001749

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We show that a polarization rotation of the fundamental, associated with type II second-harmonic generation, occurs when the e-wave and o-wave inputs carry unbalanced intensities. This effect is applied to a device exhibiting a self-induced transparency. Experimental results are reported. The same effect may be used to realize an optical limiter.
Both static and dynamical analyses of quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation by backward propagating interaction, where the second-harmonic wave is generated in reflection, are presented. It is shown that bistability appears in the generated second-harmonic power if the amount of phase mismatch is suitably chosen. The bistability also appears in the output fundamental wave, since the cascaded second-order nonlinear process gives rise to the effective self-modulation of the fundamental wave, which can be applied to all-optical signal processing. The output second-harmonic and fundamental powers can be switched between two bistable states by controlling the intensity or phase of the input fundamental wave.>
Abstract Transparency and perfect absorption are two contradictory terms; a perfect absorber never permits waves to transmit through. However, this statement only remains true in the linear regime, where the nonlinearity has been omitted and the physical system like the perfect absorber is not affected by the incoming waves. Here we experimentally demonstrate an intriguing self-induced transparency effect in a perfectly absorbing optical microcavity, which perfectly absorbs any incoming waves at the low power level, but allows a portion of waves to be transmitted at the higher power due to the nonlinear coupling between the fundamental and its second harmonic modes. Moreover, the asymmetric scattering nature of the microcavity enables a chiral and unidirectional reflection in one of the input ports, this leads to asymmetric and chiral coherent control of the perfect absorption states through phase varying. More importantly, such chiral behaviors also empower the chiral emission of second-harmonic generation with a high distinct ratio in the transparency state. These results pave the way for controllable transparency in a wide range of fields in optics, microwaves, acoustics, mechanics, and matter waves.
The nonlinear interaction of elliptically polarized counter-propagating waves in an isotropic transparent medium is analysed. Self-induced changes in the polarization of the counter-propagating light waves, are described. Using these results, a new type of modulator giving self-induced rotation of the polarization ellipse (SIRPE) is studied. The transmission of counter-propagating waves in the SIRPE modulator is shown to exhibit saturation with increase in light intensity and to be a multiple-valued function of the light intensity.
We calculate the electric-field-induced second-harmonic-generation (EFISH) susceptibility of a homogeneously broadened two-level system with permanent dipole moments. This susceptibility has contributions from the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) susceptibility of the same system without the presence of a dc field and the four-wave-mixing (FWM) component of the susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathit{e}}$(-2\ensuremath{\omega};\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega},0). The magnitude and phase of the various contributions to EFISH arising from SHG and from FWM depend on the frequency of the fundamental optical field, the transition dipole moment ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{b}}$, the permanent dipole moment of the ground-state level ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{a}}$, and the difference of the ground- and excited-state dipole moments \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\mu}. We present non-rotating-wave-approximation results for both the quasi-steady-state in systems where the dephasing time T2{\mathit{T}}_{2}T2​ is much shorter than the population decay time T1{\mathit{T}}_{1}T1​, so the polarization is in a steady state but the population is not, and for the complete steady state. Extraction of the SHG susceptibility from EFISH measurements is considered.
It is known1 that in type-I second-harmonic generation in a doubly resonant cavity where a subharmonic mode is coupled to a harmonio mode through a χ(2) process, self-pulsing may occur for high input fundamental power. Squeezing2 and QND measurements3 are possible near the self-pulsing threshold. For type-II harmonic generation, however, there are two sub-harmonic modes coupled to the harmonic mode through the same χ(2) process but with different arrangements of polarizations. The extra subharmonic mode will make the dynamics of the system totally different.
It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is possible to be observed in atomic media irradiated with an intense laser pulse. The SHG is induced by a static electric field spontaneously generated in the interaction, and any special condition is not required for the SHG. The experiment to observe the SHG has been made using atomic sodium vapor and a mode-locked Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser system (pulse duration, 28 psec; output energy \ensuremath{\lesssim}50 mJ). The second harmonic (SH) polarization, spatial beam pattern, and dependences of SH signal on the sodium density and on the fundamental intensity have been examined. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions and numerical results.