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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Integration of hollow-core-photonic crystal fiber in all-fiber devices

Fetah Benabid

Published Feb 9, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The good optical transmission of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and their relative low insertion loss in conventional fiber network gave rise to a new type of all-fiber gas-phase devices. These range from Raman converters as laser sources, compact frequency standard devices for laser frequency control to electromagnetically-induced transparency and saturable absorption for quantum optical devices. Here I report on the performance of these devices and their prospects.

DOI
10.1117/12.674664

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The good optical transmission of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and their relative low insertion loss in conventional fiber network gave rise to a new type of all-fiber gas-phase devices. These range from Raman converters as laser sources, compact frequency standard devices for laser frequency control to electromagnetically-induced transparency and saturable absorption for quantum optical devices. Here I report on the performance of these devices and their prospects.
The focus of this thesis is to investigate and fabricate a platform that can facilitate the enhancement of light-matter interactions. By tightly confining the photons and atoms to the same region of space, the probability of interaction is drastically increased as compared to free space interactions. Specifically, we focus on forming an optical cavity (or resonator) incorporated into a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) using two distinct types of reflective mirrors along the axis of the fiber while still permitting atoms to be loaded into the region of high field confinement. \n \nOne means of pursuing this goal that we explored was to propose and numerically simulate two methods for implementing Bragg gratings in a HCPCF. These two methods leave the hollow-core unobstructed and are both based on controlled selective injection of photosensitive polymers into the photonic-crystal region of the hollow-core fiber, followed by interference photolithography. We report the results of numerical simulations for the hollow core fiber with Bragg gratings formed by the two methods. We find that a reflectivity of > 99.99% should be achievable from such fiber-integrated mirrors. Such a device could support high cooperativity and strong coupling regimes to be achieved. \n \nWe also demonstrate a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity formed by attaching a pair of dielectric metasurfaces to the ends of a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber segment. The metasurfaces consist of perforated membranes designed as photonic-crystal slabs that act as planar mirrors but can potentially allow injection of gases through their holes into the hollow core of the fiber. We have so far observed cavities with finesse of 11 and Q-factors of ~ 4.5 × 10^5, but much higher values should be achievable with improved fabrication procedures. We expect this device to enable the advancement of new fiber lasers, enhanced gas spectroscopy, and studies of fundamental light-matter interactions and nonlinear optics. These mirrors can be designed to be polarization dichroic — transparent for one polarization and reflective for another. This unique property can be exploited to allow for all signals to be directed along the high optical depth axis of the cavity and may provide a excellent platform for applications such as optical switching. \n \nFinally, we develop a novel protocol for a single photon all-optical transistor and how it may be implemented in the above mentioned fiber cavity systems. This unique scheme utilizes a far off-resonant vacuum cavity mode to stimulate a Raman absorption process of a source photon which may be switched off by the insertion of a single gate photon into the cavity mode. Relatively high switching contrasts and ratios for the source photon transmission can be obtained in our system.
Photon pairs (biphotons) are ubiquitous in quantum technologies. In particular, in quantum imaging and spectroscopy they enable measurements in hard-to-access spectral ranges [1] and increased sensitivity [2] . Among different sources of biphotons, four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers is most efficient due to the large nonlinear interaction lengths and easy integrability into optical networks. However, fiber sources are usually not tuneable except by tuning the pump wavelength. Hollow-core photonic crystals fibers (PCF) filled by noble gas solve this problem: their dispersion landscape can be tailored by simply changing the gas pressure [3] , [4] . Additionally, they are free from Raman scattering and have a higher damage threshold than solid-core fibers [4] .