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Physical Review A

Second-harmonic generation by a partially coherent beam

Muhammad Suhail Zubairy, John K. McIver

Published Jul 1, 1987• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of degradation of the coherence of the pump beam by a random phase screen on the conversion efficiency in the second-harmonic generation process is considered. It is shown that, under suitable conditions, the conversion efficiency can be increased significantly.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.36.202

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The effect of the quantum properties of light on nonlinear processes has been well studied theoretically. It has been shown that the efficiency of n-photon nonlinear processes in many cases scales as the normalized n-th order correlation function. For light with high intensity correlation function, the efficiency of the n-th harmonic generation will be considerably higher than for coherent light. The experimental observation of this effect remained difficult until recently, because of the absence of bright sources with strong and fast intensity fluctuations. For the experimental demonstration of statistical effects in optical harmonic generation we use as a pump the radiation of high-gain parametric down conversion. Such light shows quantum properties (e.g. quadrature or two-mode squeezing) and has large number of photons in one mode. The normalized n-th order correlation function for this light is (2n - 1)!!, which makes it more attractive for nonlinear processes than both coherent and thermal light. For the generation of optical harmonics we used broadband parametric down conversion around frequency-degeneracy (1600 nm) produced in 1cm BBO crystal from Ti:Sapphire laser (800 nm, 1.6ps, 5kHz, 3W mean intensity). Due to spectral filtering and post-selection technique we could vary the statistics of light from coherent to super-bunched, which allowed us to demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for second-, third-, and fourth-harmonic generation. The obtained experimental results show a good agreement with the theory.
A new type of phase matching based on the ring-shaped pump beam for efficient harmonic generation is studied theoretically and experimentally. The ring-shaped pump beam is shown to provide self-organized phase-matching conditions for a wide range of vapor density/refractive index variation. Because of symmetry self-phase matching may automatically compensate the phase mismatch created by the optical Kerr effect, as well as the negative influence of nonuniform spatiotemporal pump beam distribution. Self-phase matching is expected to be very efficient for frequency tripling of broadband and/or ultrashort pulses, as well as for high order harmonic generation. A factor of 4--5 improvement in the conversion efficiency of 1.06\ensuremath{\mu} radiation tripling in Rb, Na vapor is obtained, when a disk-shaped beam is replaced by a ring-shaped beam. The high conversion efficiency \ensuremath{\sim}1.5% for a very short interaction length (l\ensuremath{\sim}4 cm) is achieved.