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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Bright sub-Poissonian light from a GAWBS-compensated nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer

Dmitry Levandovsky, Michael Vasilyev, Prem Kumar

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We experimentally demonstrate bright sub-Poissonian light generation with a balanced nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. In contrast to the previous work, where such a device was used for quadrature squeezing of the input vacuum, we inject a coherent-state input signal, which can be either amplified or deamplified depending on its phase relative to that of the pump, transforming a balanced Sagnac interferometer into a phase-sensitive amplifier.

DOI
10.1109/qels.1999.807314

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Summary form only given. We experimentally demonstrate bright sub-Poissonian light generation with a balanced nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. In contrast to the previous work, where such a device was used for quadrature squeezing of the input vacuum, we inject a coherent-state input signal, which can be either amplified or deamplified depending on its phase relative to that of the pump, transforming a balanced Sagnac interferometer into a phase-sensitive amplifier.
We experimentally demonstrate generation of bright sub-Poissonian light by means of parametric deamplification in a phase-sensitive fiber amplifier that is based on a balanced nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. On direct detection, the photocurrent noise falls below the shot-noise limit by (0.6 +/- 0.2) dB (1.4 dB when corrected for detection losses). To observe the noise reduction we employed a scheme that used two orthogonally polarized pulses to cancel the noise that arises from the predominantly polarized guided-acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering in the fiber. We also present a simplified semiclassical theory of quantum-noise suppression by this amplifier, which is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
We experimentally demonstrate generation of a squeezed vacuum at 800 nm with a Sagnac loop fiber interferometer. When negative dispersion is properly added to an input laser pulse to compensate for the fiber dispersion, the level of squeezing is improved. A squeezed vacuum of 0.45 dB is obtained at a dispersion of -0.0157 ps(2) for the 1.5 m-long fiber loop. Since the squeezed vacuum is degraded by guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS), the noise level of the squeezing is improved by -0.3 dB at a liquid nitrogen temperature. We also demonstrate generation of photon number squeezing at -1.3 dB.
Photon-number squeezing and quadrature squeezing were studied using ultrafast fibre nonlinear optics pumped by 1.5 µm femtosecond laser pulses. To obtain quadrature squeezing using an Erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) light source, we developed temporal homodyne technology to exclude the excess noise of an EDFA light source. We also performed a quadrature squeezing experiment using an optical parametric oscillator light source in stead of an EDFA light source exhibiting substantially high excess noise. Although the photon-number squeezing of -3dB was obtained from an asymmetric Sagnac fibre loop, the quadrature noise could not decrease to less than the Shot noise level without cooling the fibre, which is presumably due to GAWBS. To suppress guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering, we refrigerated the fibre loop by liquid nitrogen, and squeezing at -0.7 dB was obtained by cooling the fiber at liquid nitrogen temperature.
We report on the generation of polarization squeezing of intense, short light pulses using an asymmetric fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is exploited to produce independent amplitude squeezed pulses. The polarization squeezing properties of spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed and coherent states are discussed. The experimental results for a single-amplitude squeezed beam are compared to the case of two phase-matched, spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed pulses. For the latter, noise variances of $\ensuremath{-}3.4\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise in the S0{S}_{0}S0​ and the S1{S}_{1}S1​ and of $\ensuremath{-}2.8\mathrm{dB}$ in the S2{S}_{2}S2​ Stokes parameters were observed, which is comparable to the input squeezing magnitude. Polarization squeezing, that is, squeezing relative to a corresponding polarization minimum uncertainty state, was generated in S1.{S}_{1}.S1​.
Optical amplification in optical fibers by means of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is studied by classical equations. A balanced interferometer is used to mix and separate the signal and the pump. Exact solutions are obtained even with pump depletion. If the cross-phase modulation is small, the signal power gain varies as the square of the pump self-phase shift. This gain can be sizable for moderate fiber lengths and laser powers, before the onset of stimulated Raman scattering. We have experimentally verified these calculations with a Sagnac interferometer, comprising a 300 m long polarization-preserving fiber, emitting pulses with 100-200 W peak power and 100-200 nsec duration. We have measured a signal power gain of 22 (13.3 dB); this value correlated well with a pump self-phase shift of 3π/2 measured in a separate two-wavelength experiment. This system can be used for squeezing fluctuations of the signal quadrature which is not amplified. We have performed a classical derivation of squeezing, based upon a geometrical study of the transformation of the signal phasor. The results are in agreement with those of more elaborate quantum-mechanical derivations.