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MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference (OCEANS)

Induced dichroism excited atomic-line filter at 532.33 nm in potassium vapor for LIDAR

Guangning Yang, Peter R. Herczfeld, Richard I. Billmers

Published Nov 19, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A narrow band optical filter with 40% transmission and 0.01 nm bandwidth has been demonstrated at 532 nm. The filter uses potassium vapor as an active medium pumped by a circularly polarized beam. Theoretical and experimental aspects of this atomic filter are discussed.
DOI
10.1109/oceans.1995.528895

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The operation of a narrow-linewidth optical f ilter based on the 4P((1/2)) ? 8S((1/2)) excited-state transition in potassium vapor is reported. The 4P((1/2)) state is excited by a circularly polarized, 769.9-nm, 10-ns pulse from a dye laser. A linearly polarized, time-sequenced, and spatially overlapped probe pulse at 532.33 nm completes the transition to the 8S((1/2)) state. The peak filter transmission is ~40% with a bandwidth of less than 4 GHz. Corroborative experimental results suggest that the rotation of probe-pulse polarization by an induced circular birefringence is the dominant mechanism behind the filter operation.
A narrow-band, gate-able matched optical filter with large extinction ratio and high transmission is required for ocean lidar applications at wavelength of 532 nm. Two types of filters, the induced dichroism excited-state atomic line (IDEAL) and excited state anomalous Faraday dispersion optical filter (ESFADOF), are studied. They are operating on the 4P1/2 to 8S1/2 excited states transition line of potassium vapor and a narrow band at 532 nm. The measured critical features of the IDEAL filter are: 1.3 GHz (i.e..01A) narrow pass band, approximately 45% peak transmission, high extinction coefficient in the order of 10-5, very fast rise time (<3ns) and a 15 ns decay time determined by resonant enhanced two photon transition. The physical mechanism of the IDEAL filter operation is explained in terms of resonant enhanced two photon transition. Good agreement between experiment and the derived theoretical model is achieved. The pertinent features of the excited (ESFADOF) filter were measured to be: approximately 15% peak transmission, high extinction coefficient in the order of 10-5, very fast rise time (<3ns), and a decay time in the tens of microsecond range governed by resonant photon trapping. The physical processes contributing to the ESFADOF filter action are resonant photon trapping and Faraday anomalous dispersion. The experimental results confirmed theoretical predictions. The applications of these filters are discussed in terms of improving the lidar system performance. Specifically, the narrow bandwidth of these filters eliminates the background noise caused by stray solar radiation and thereby enhances the dynamic range of the lidar system. Furthermore the fast efficient gating of the filters minimizes reflection from the ocean surface, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the return signal from underwater targets.
The temporal characteristics of two different narrow-band optical filters at 532 nm are reported. Both filters operate on the 4P(1/2) - 8S(1/2) atomic transition of potassium vapor, where the 4P(1/2) state is excited by a 770-nm, 10-ns laser pulse. The filters operate on the principle of circular birefringence induced by either the Faraday effect or two-photon transition, which is confirmed by experiments. The characteristic decay times of the filters are 5 and 0.015 mus, which is significant for the design of optical gating and signal processing with matched filters for ocean lidar.
An induced-dichroism-excited atomic line (IDEAL) filter at 1529 nm operating on the transition of87Rb 52P3/2-42D3/2 is realized. Its peak transmittance achieves 63.8% at 80 °C by a 13.4 mW/mm2laser pumping at 780 nm and the equivalent noise bandwidth is 546 MHz. Detailed experiments show that, compared with the excited-state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter and excited-state Voigt atomic line filters which are realized by the same atomic vapor cell, operating on the same transition and under the same pumping intensity, the IDEAL filter achieves the same performance level without the magnetic field. This letter provides a new solution to ultra-narrow optical filtering at 1529 nm, and it is particularly useful in applications which require non-magnetic environments.
We demonstrate a tunable narrowband filter based on optical-pumping-induced circular dichroism in rubidium vapor. The filter achieves a peak transmission of 14.6%, a linewidth of 80 MHz, and an out-of-band extinction of >or=35 dB. The transmission peak can be tuned within the range of the Doppler linewidth of the D1 line of atomic rubidium at 795 nm. While other atomic filters work at frequencies far from absorption, the presented technique provides light resonant with atomic media, useful for atom-photon interaction experiments. The technique could readily be extended to other alkali atoms.