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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Optical bistability in Cr:LiSGaF/sub 6/ and Cr:LiSAF/sub 6/ laser crystals

Mikhail A. Noginov, Martina Vondrova, B. D. Lucas

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. An intrinsic optical bistability can find potential applications in optical logic elements and switches for optical computing, telecommunication, etc. The effect can be predicted in many different systems with various physical mechanisms of nonlinearity. The bistability derived as a consequence of modification of the optical Bloch equations after introducing the local field correction terms, was first experimentally observed in Yb/sup 3+/:Cs/sub 3/ Y/sub 2/Br/sub 9/. We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate an intrinsic bistability in luminescence and transmission of Cr doped LiSrGaF/sub 6/ (LiSGaF) and LiSrAlF/sub 6/ (LiSAF) crystals, in which the luminescence quantum yield has a strongly nonlinear dependence on temperature T.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.961785

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Summary form only given. An intrinsic optical bistability can find potential applications in optical logic elements and switches for optical computing, telecommunication, etc. The effect can be predicted in many different systems with various physical mechanisms of nonlinearity. The bistability derived as a consequence of modification of the optical Bloch equations after introducing the local field correction terms, was first experimentally observed in Yb/sup 3+/:Cs/sub 3/ Y/sub 2/Br/sub 9/. We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate an intrinsic bistability in luminescence and transmission of Cr doped LiSrGaF/sub 6/ (LiSGaF) and LiSrAlF/sub 6/ (LiSAF) crystals, in which the luminescence quantum yield has a strongly nonlinear dependence on temperature T.
A very strong nonlinearity in the temperature dependence of the luminescence quantum yield in the Cr:LiSrGaF6 and Cr:LiSrAlF6 laser crystal can lead to a temperature induced intrinsic optical bistability in these materials. The bistability and the hysteresis loop in the dependence of the Cr luminescence intensity and the transmission of the crystal on cw pumping power has been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
This thesis reports experiments and theory on intrinsic mirrorless bistability in the luminescence of ytterbium-doped crystals and glasses. The main results are the observation of intrinsically bistable luminescence at room temperature and chromatic switching at low temperature, reported here for the first time. The nonlinear dynamics responsible for these optical phenomena are shown to arise from ion-ion interactions controlled by the application of resonant electromagnetic fields. On the theoretical side, the classical Lorentz local field correction is shown to be the lowest order term of radiation-driven correlation contributions to local polarization which arise from inter-ion coherences and cooperative relaxation and frequency shifts beyond the dynamic shift are predicted. The nonlinear Maxwell-Bloch equations are extended to describe energy transfer between different species of ions predicting bistability in excited state populations which then emit bistable luminescence as a consequence, and an intensity dependent transfer rate is predicted. Diffusive excitation migration in space is also explored as a possible mechanism for generating multiple instabilities, but is not predicted to give rise to hysteresis loops by itself. On the experimental side, original observations of intrinsic optical switching and hysteresis are reported in the luminescence of Yb:CsCdBr 3 and Yb, Tm:glass. Evidence of cross-coupling between different impurities is also presented, together with spectroscopic details of intrinsic chromatic switching between different luminescent transitions of the acceptor species in Yb, Er:CsCdBr3 excited at the infrared Yb resonance wavelength. Conclusive spectroscopic evidence that excludes thermal effects as responsible for low temperature intrinsic switching is also presented. Room temperature intrinsic optical switching and hysteresis are reported for the first time in bulk Yb,Tm:glass samples. Switching, hysteresis, and clamping of laser output from waveguide channels fabricated in the glass material are also reported and indicate fundamental design limitations for compact optical amplifiers and oscillators.
We predict and theoretically study intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) mediated by nonlinear energy transfer processes in rare-earth-doped laser-related crystals. In particular, we investigate Tm-Ho and Tm-Yb systems, in which avalanche pumping is overimposed by energy transfer up-conversion. We predict that IOB can be experimentally observed in (Tm,Yb):BaY2F8(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m},\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b}):{\mathrm{BaY}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}(Tm,Yb):BaY2​F8​ crystals in a wide range of experimentally achievable parameters.