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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Analysis of intrinsic optical bistability in Tm-doped laser-related crystals

Mikhail A. Noginov, Martina Vondrova, Daniel Casimir

Published Nov 25, 2003• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We predict and theoretically study intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) mediated by nonlinear energy transfer processes in rare-earth-doped laser-related crystals. In particular, we investigate Tm-Ho and Tm-Yb systems, in which avalanche pumping is overimposed by energy transfer up-conversion. We predict that IOB can be experimentally observed in $(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m},\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b}):{\mathrm{BaY}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}$ crystals in a wide range of experimentally achievable parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.68.195119

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Bistable chromatic switching in 648 nm laser pumped Tm-doped crystal

Li Li, Xinlu Zhang, Lixue Chen

Intrinsic optical bistability is of great interest and has potential applications in all-optical communication. In the present work, we have extended occurrences of bistable chromatic switching to a new rare-earth-doped system, namely single Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648 nm avalanche wavelength. Intrinsic bistability and chromatic switching of fluorescence emission are theoretically predicted, based on the rate equation theory. By using a four-order Runge-Kutta technique, chromatic switching spectra and bistable hysteresis loop are studied numerically in detail. The numerical results show that intrinsic chromatic switching of visible-infrared spectra is achievable experimentally corresponding to the transitions of Tm 1D2→3H6 (357 nm), 1G4→3H6 (469 nm), 3H4→3H6 (787 nm), 3F4→3H6 (1716 nm), as pump power increases far beyond avalanche threshold from low power level. Furthermore, we have found that the chromatic switching appears bistable in the emission spectra for pump intensity in the vicinity of avalanche threshold. The bistable hysteresis loops of luminescence are also demonstrated numerically for the dominant emission band. Intrinsic bistable chromatic switching in Tm-doped crystal is mediated by resonant excited-state absorption up-conversion.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 29, 2007•1 citation
We predict and theoretically study intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) mediated by nonlinear energy transfer processes in rare-earth-doped laser-related crystals. In particular, we investigate Tm-Ho and Tm-Yb systems, in which avalanche pumping is overimposed by energy transfer up-conversion. We predict that IOB can be experimentally observed in (Tm,Yb):BaY2F8(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m},\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b}):{\mathrm{BaY}}_{2}{\mathrm{F}}_{8}(Tm,Yb):BaY2​F8​ crystals in a wide range of experimentally achievable parameters.
Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in Tm: YSGG (yttrium-scandium-gallium garnet) laser crystal pumped at 1um avalanche wavelength is predicted theoretically and studied numerically. The nonlinear rate equations of Tm: YSGG are given based on the nonlinear energy transfer processes. From the rate equations, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition is deduced in the steady-state approximation. Both the intrinsic bistability effect of population concentrations at Tm3+ levels versus pumping power and the influence of system parameters on IOB avalanche threshold are studied numerically. The results show that the avalanche threshold power of IOB can be changed by adjusting experimentally adjustable parameters such as the Tm3+ −dope concentration.
Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648nm avalanche wavelength is predicted theoretically and studied numerically. Based on the theory of nonlinear rate equations, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition is deduced in the steady-state approximation. Transient response of photon avalanche, IOB and influence of system parameters on IOB are studied numerically. The numerical simulation shows that IOB of 2μm fluorescence emission in Tm-doped laser crystal can be experimentally observed. Controllable bistable hysteresis loop can be achieved by adjusting experimentally adjustable parameters.
Intrinsic optical bistability and dynamic hysteresis phenomenon, induced by nonlinear excitation and energy level coupling, are predicted theoretically in single Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648nm avalanche wavelength. Taking into account the dominant energy transfer processes including excited state absorption, cross relaxation, energy transfer up-conversion and decay of the metastable level Tm3+ 3F4, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition are deduced in the steady-state approximation. Based on the theory of microscopic coupled rate equations, intrinsic optical bistability and influence of system parameters on hysteresis loop are studied numerically in detail by using a four-order Runge-Kutta technique. The numerical results predict that intrinsic optical bistability of near 2 micrometer fluorescence emission relevant to Tm 3F4→3H6 transition is achievable experimentally in single Tm-doped laser crystal. For realization of low threshold optical bistability and notable bistable hysteresis loop, it is beneficial to properly increase Tm3+-doped concentration and suppress energy transfer up-conversion. Furthermore, the interesting results obtained numerically show that laser-induced thermal effect is not the indispensable factor for occurrences of intrinsic optical bistability in rear-earth-doped crystal. Cooperation of nonliear excitation and energy level coupling can essentially lead to intrinsic optical bistability in rear-earth-doped system.
Intrinsic optical bistability is of great interest and has potential applications in all-optical communication. In the present work, we have extended occurrences of bistable chromatic switching to a new rare-earth-doped system, namely single Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648 nm avalanche wavelength. Intrinsic bistability and chromatic switching of fluorescence emission are theoretically predicted, based on the rate equation theory. By using a four-order Runge-Kutta technique, chromatic switching spectra and bistable hysteresis loop are studied numerically in detail. The numerical results show that intrinsic chromatic switching of visible-infrared spectra is achievable experimentally corresponding to the transitions of Tm 1D2→3H6 (357 nm), 1G4→3H6 (469 nm), 3H4→3H6 (787 nm), 3F4→3H6 (1716 nm), as pump power increases far beyond avalanche threshold from low power level. Furthermore, we have found that the chromatic switching appears bistable in the emission spectra for pump intensity in the vicinity of avalanche threshold. The bistable hysteresis loops of luminescence are also demonstrated numerically for the dominant emission band. Intrinsic bistable chromatic switching in Tm-doped crystal is mediated by resonant excited-state absorption up-conversion.