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Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences

A quantum battle of the sexes cellular automaton

Ramón Alonso‐Sanz

Published May 30, 2012• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of a spatial quantum formulation of the iterated battle of the sexes game is studied in this work. The game is played in the cellular automata manner, i.e. with local and synchronous interaction. The effect of spatial structure is assessed in the quantum versus quantum players contest as well as in the unfair quantum versus classical players contest. The case of partial entangling is also scrutinized.

DOI
10.1098/rspa.2012.0161

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The dynamics of a spatial quantum formulation of the iterated battle of the sexes game is studied in this work. The game is played in the cellular automata manner, i.e. with local and synchronous interaction. The effect of spatial structure is assessed in the quantum versus quantum players contest as well as in the unfair quantum versus classical players contest. The case of partial entangling is also scrutinized.
The dynamics of a spatial quantum formulation of the iterated prisoner's dilemma game is studied in this work. The game is played in the cellular automata manner, i.e. with local and synchronous interaction. The evolution is driven by the imitation of the best neighbour. It is shown how spatial structure enables in fully quantum contests a dramatically rapid emergence of mutual cooperation. In unfair contests, such as quantum versus classic players, the velocity in which the quantum players take advantage of its privileged status is also very notable.
The Battle of the Sexes game is analyzed from quantum game theory using quantum initial states as possible strategies for two players. Quantum circuits are presented as schemes of development proposing also the use of Yang-Baxter operators as quantum gates in the circuits. This formalism is implemented using a Computer Algebra Software (CAS) due to its complex and long mathematical treatment. Payoff matrices of the players are given as the results for each case shown. Biology and finances applications are also proposed.
Real life situations where there are strategies to be chosen in order to obtain a profit can be reproduced by games, so game theory is a way to describe the evolution of possible scenarios where players can select a scheme of play. Game theory takes importance in many areas, such as people decisions making, where their choices do affect others benefit (Davis, 1970; Myerson, 1991). It is to remark that the principles of game theory were initiated by trying to understand the behavior of economic strategies, however Von Neumann presented the concept of modern game theory in 1944 (Von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1947). Quantum mechanics is a tool that creates another point of view for the traditional game theory due to multiple strategies offered for the players, whom possibilities are numerously expanded in contrast of classical ones (Eisert & Wilkens, 2000). There are also games where the player who uses quantum strategies, enhances his payoffs or even always wins against a player who only uses classical moves (Meyer, 1999). It is to remark that there are plenty of applications for quantum game theory such as quantum cryptography and computation, economics and biology (Piotrowski & Sladkowski, 2003; Hanauske et al.,2009). The Battle of the Sexes game is a largely analyzed problem, based on two players: Alice and Bob and their choice about an activity for a Saturday night with each other. It is pretty important to remark that both want the best possible payoff in the decision, so the game can be developed normally, otherwise it would not be our case. Alice, really loves Opera, but wants to be with Bob; Bob likes Football but he wants to have Alice’s company along the activity. This game has a lot of applications in real life scenarios such as the spread of some type of genes from a reproduction between two organisms (Dawkins, 2006); another interesting application is neuroeconomics (Montague & Berns, 2002), where brain studies have been done in order to incite neurons to choose either to “work” for a reward or to “shirk” (Glimcher, 2003).