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IEEE Communications Letters

Secure information transmission for mobile radio

H. Koorapaty, Amer A. Hassan, Sandeep Chennakeshu

Published Feb 1, 2000• 157 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new technique for secure information transmission in a mobile environment is described. This technique uses the short term reciprocity of the radio channel so that information is intelligible only to an intended receiver. The exchange of information does not require the availability of a common secure key between two users; however, the proposed technique can also be used for cryptographic key agreement between two users.

DOI
10.1109/4234.824754

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A new technique for secure information transmission in a mobile environment is described. This technique uses the short term reciprocity of the radio channel so that information is intelligible only to an intended receiver. The exchange of information does not require the availability of a common secure key between two users; however, the proposed technique can also be used for cryptographic key agreement between two users.
A new technique for secure information transmission in a mobile environment is described. While the method may be used for secure cryptographic key distribution, it also enables the transmission of information in a secure manner without resort to any cryptographic techniques. This is achieved by using the short term reciprocity of the mobile radio channel to communicate in a two step process. In the first step, the phase response of the channel is probed, and in the second step the information bearing signal is modified to pre-compensate for the phase effects of the channel. Since the channel impulse response between two users is different from the channel impulse responses between the users and an adversary, the method is secure.
New security solutions in the physical communication layer - secret key extraction from the radio channel and information-theoretic secrecy - protect confidentiality of communication without cryptographic establishment of secret keys. Unfortunately, they currently lack authentication. Cryptographic mechanisms are still needed to secure the first contact between previously unknown devices - to guarantee that security pairings are made as the user intends. In this paper, we contribute by analyzing how five different security pairing approaches can be realized or complemented with physical layer solutions. We propose new solutions for replacing the use of expensive crypto algorithms with secret key extraction. We note that information-theoretic secrecy solutions are less capable of surviving without cryptographic authentication. However, in some information-theoretic secrecy approaches, secure out-of-band delivery of channel state information can authenticate receivers.
The broadcast nature of wireless communication systems makes wireless transmission extremely susceptible to eavesdropping and even malicious interference. Physical layer security technology can effectively protect the private information sent by the transmitter from being listened to by illegal eavesdroppers, thus ensuring the privacy and security of communication between the transmitter and legitimate users. Thus, the main design goal of physical layer security is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper using well-designed transmission schemes. The development of mobile communication presents new challenges to physical layer security research. This paper provides a survey of the physical layer security research on various promising mobile technologies from secure key generation and keyless techniques, including secure key generation, directional modulation (DM), spatial modulation (SM), covert communication, and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided communication. Finally, the future topics and the unresolved technical challenges are presented in physical layer security for mobile communications.
In this paper, we propose a novel method for two communicates to exchange a secret over a public wireless fading channel. Unlike conventional computationally secure public key methods, this technique is information theoretic and unconditionally secure provided that a component of the reciprocal channel fading over time between the two communicates is statistically independent with the channel fading from either communicate to the eavesdropper. This technique may be particularly well suited to secure tactical mobile communications. A simple protocol suitable for a lognormal shadowed fading channel is described and its key exchange rate is derived.
This article presents a secure key exchange algorithm that exploits reciprocity in wireless channels to share a secret key between two nodes AAA and BBB. Reciprocity implies that the channel phases in the links A→BA\rightarrow BA→B and B→AB\rightarrow AB→A are the same. A number of such reciprocal phase values are measured at nodes AAA and BBB, called shared phase values hereafter. Each shared phase value is used to mask points of a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) constellation. Masking is achieved by rotating each PSK constellation with a shared phase value. Rotation of constellation is equivalent to adding phases modulo-2π2π2π, and as the channel phase is uniformly distributed in [0,2π)[0,2π)[0,2π), the result of summation conveys zero information about summands. To enlarge the key size over a static or slow fading channel, the Radio Frequency (RF) propagation path is perturbed to create several independent realizations of multi-path fading, each used to share a new phase value. To eavesdrop a phase value shared in this manner, the Eavesdropper (Eve) will always face an under-determined system of linear equations which will not reveal any useful information about its actual solution value. This property is used to establish a secure key between two legitimate users.