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Bethe Ansatz Techniques and the AdS/CFT Correspondence

Johnson Leow

Published Apr 6, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In the present thesis, we will review various Bethe ansatz techniques such as the (nested)\nalgebraic Bethe ansatz and the (nested) coordinate Bethe ansatz using well known models\nlike the XXX model and the Hubbard model. Subsequently, the Bethe ansatz techniques\nare applied to obtain Bethe ansatz equations and Bethe vectors of the su(2|2)-invariant S -\nmatrix. Finally, these results are used to obtain the full S -matrix and Bethe equations of the\nstring sigma model.

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In the present thesis, we will review various Bethe ansatz techniques such as the (nested)\nalgebraic Bethe ansatz and the (nested) coordinate Bethe ansatz using well known models\nlike the XXX model and the Hubbard model. Subsequently, the Bethe ansatz techniques\nare applied to obtain Bethe ansatz equations and Bethe vectors of the su(2|2)-invariant S -\nmatrix. Finally, these results are used to obtain the full S -matrix and Bethe equations of the\nstring sigma model.
The one-dimensional Heisenberg XXX spin chain appears in a special limit of the AdS/CFT integrable system. We review various ways of proving its integrability, and discuss the associated methods of solution. In particular, we outline the coordinate and the algebraic Bethe ansatz, giving reference to literature suitable for learning these techniques. Finally we speculate which of the methods might lift to the exact solution of the AdS/CFT system, and sketch a promising method for constructing the Baxter Q-operator of the XXX chain. It allows to find the spectrum of the model using certain algebraic techniques, while entirely avoiding Bethe's ansatz.
Abstract We give a pedagogical introduction to the Bethe ansatz techniques in integrable QFTs and spin chains. We first discuss and motivate the general framework of asymptotic Bethe ansatz for the spectrum of integrable QFTs in large volume, based on the exact S -matrix. Then we illustrate this method in several concrete theories. The first case we study is the SU (2) chiral Gross–Neveu model. We derive the Bethe equations via algebraic Bethe ansatz, solving in the process the Heisenberg XXX spin chain. We discuss this famous spin chain model in some detail, covering in particular the coordinate Bethe ansatz, some properties of Bethe states, and the classical scaling limit leading to finite-gap equations. Then we proceed to the more involved SU (3) chiral Gross–Neveu model and derive the Bethe equations using nested algebraic Bethe ansatz to solve the arising SU (3) spin chain. Finally we show how a method similar to the Bethe ansatz works in a completely different setting, namely for the 1D oscillator in quantum mechanics.
This thesis is devoted to the one-dimensional integrable Hubbard model and its generalizations. The Hubbard model is one of the fundamental models in condensed matter physics which describes interacting electrons on the lattice. It has very rich physical structure. Inspite of its construction simplicity it has been applied to diverse problems as high-Tc superconductivity, band magnetism and the metal-insulator transition. In one dimension the Hubbard model is an integrable model which has been intensively studied and served as a theoretical laboratory for the condensed matter physics. Recently, the integrable systems and in particular the Hubbard model, have surprisingly appeared in the AdS/CFT correspondence context. The intersection point between the fields is the Bethe equations: the ones of new integrable models and the generalizations of existing ones are relevant in the application in AdS/CFT duality. In the first part of the thesis, we present basis notions of the quantum integrability: the R-matrix formalism, the Yang-Baxter equation, integrable spin chains etc. In the second part we review several fundamental results of the one-dimensional Hubbard model: the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution, real solutions of the Lieb-Wu equations etc. Moreover, applications in the AdS/CFT duality are considered. However, it turns out that certain modifications of the integrable Hubbard model are necessary to reproduce the correct results of the AdS/CFT context. This is one of the main motivations of the studies of generalized Hubbard models. The fourth chapter is devoted to generalizations of the Hubbard model and we focus our attention on supersymmetric ones. The fifth chapter con- tains the results obtained in the framework of this thesis on the supersymmetric generalizations of the Hubbard models. Namely, the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution and real solutions of the Bethe equations in the thermodynamic limit are exposed. We point out that the obtained Bethe equations differs from the Lieb-Wu ones by phases which appearance is encouraging sign for the application in the AdS/CFT context. We also discuss possible applications in the AdS/CFT duality and in con- densed matter physics.
We present in a unified and detailed way the nested Bethe ansatz for closed spin chains based on or (super)algebras, with arbitrary representations (i.e. 'spins') on each site of the chain. In particular, the case of indecomposable representations of superalgebras is studied. The construction extends and unifies the results already obtained for spin chains based on or and for some particular super-spin chains. We give the Bethe equations and the form of the Bethe vectors. The case of gl (2|1), gl (2|2) and gl (4|4) superalgebras (that are related to AdS/CFT correspondence) is also detailed.
The Bethe ansatz equations of the 1-D SU(3) Hubbard model are systematically derived by diagonalizing the inhomogeneous transfer matrix of the XXX model. We first derive the scattering matrix of the SU(3) Hubbard model through the coordinate Bethe ansatz method. Then, with the help quantum inverse scattering method we solve the nested transfer matrix and give the eigenvalues, the eigenvectors and the Bethe ansatz equations. Finally, we obtain the exactly analytic solution for the ground state. PACS:05.20.-y; 05.50.+q; 04.20.Jb; 03.65.Fd