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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Phase-encoding technique in time-domain holography: theoretical estimation

Heiki Sõnajalg, Anne Débarre, J.-L. Le Gouët, I. Lorgeré, P. Tchénio

Published Aug 1, 1995• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In previous investigations of optical data storage in persistent spectral-hole-burning materials, either the spectral or the temporal positions of the data were used as memory addresses. We suggest having the address represented by the spectral shape of the writing field and retrieving information with the aid of pattern recognition of this spectral shape. This procedure is expected to accelerate access to the stored data. To evaluate the validity of the method, we consider various physical effects that may give rise to cross talk among the different addresses. A numerical simulation under realistic conditions is presented.

DOI
10.1364/josab.12.001448

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 1, 1995•24 citations
In previous investigations of optical data storage in persistent spectral-hole-burning materials, either the spectral or the temporal positions of the data were used as memory addresses. We suggest having the address represented by the spectral shape of the writing field and retrieving information with the aid of pattern recognition of this spectral shape. This procedure is expected to accelerate access to the stored data. To evaluate the validity of the method, we consider various physical effects that may give rise to cross talk among the different addresses. A numerical simulation under realistic conditions is presented.
The properties of holographic recording and detection of spectral holes in the frequency and electric-field dimension are investigated. To optimize the storage properties of optical memory devices, based on spectral hole burning and holography, cross-talk effects between adjacent holograms have to be minimized. These interactions depend on the relative phases of the holograms chosen during the recording stage. Using free-base chlorin (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) in polyvinyl butyral as host at a temperature of 1.7 K, the influence of the relative phase difference between holograms is demonstrated in both the frequency and the electric-field dimension. Experimental results are presented for rows and columns of holograms stored either in the laser frequency or the electric-field dimension and compared to transmission data. Using both dimensions a 10 x 10 matrix of holograms has been stored within the range of a single wave number.
It is acknowledged that inhomogeneous absorption bands consisting of narrow homogeneous zero-phonon lines (ZPL) can be used for the purpose of optical data storage in the frequency dimension /1/. Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) /2,3/ has made it feasible to preserve the recorded frequency domain information for a practically unlimited period of time. Via PSHB the inhomogeneous distribution function of the resonance frequencies of the impurity zero-phonon lines can be altered in an almost arbitrary fashion. This, in turn, makes it possible to manipulate the absorption coefficient and correlated to it index of refraction of the optical storage media. On this basis it has been proposed to use PSHB for the shaping of laser pulses via Fourier synthesis /4/. Holographic storage of time domain optical signals in PSHB media was proposed by Mossberg /5/. In the first experiments on the PSHB time domain holography the reproduction of various temporal shapes of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in dye doped polymers cooled to liquid helium temperature /6/. Earlier Zuikov et al. observed correlation between the temporal shapes of nanosecond excitation laser pulses and photon echo signals /7/. Since that time a variety of experiments on time domain holography in different resonant media have been reported (see /8/ and references therein).
Time-and-space-domain holography [1,2] by stimulated photon echoes [3] provides a means of storing temporal and spatial properties of an ultrafast-varying light signal and recalling its authentic replica at any later moment. The possibility of recording complex time shapes of light pulses, which also means time-domain optical data storage, is based on the ability of frequency-selective absorbers to store with high accuracy the temporal Fourier components of the incident light [1-3]. The time-domain frequency-selective optical storage of binary or analog data is an alternative approach to the concept of frequency-selective high-density data storage that provides a parallel ultrafast data storage and processing in the frequency domain. The shortest detail of the signal to be stored is limited by the reverse inhomogeneous bandwidth of the storing media which reaches 10-100 fs for frequency-selective materials while the duration of the signal is limited by phase relaxation time T2 (usually 10-3-10-6s).
A broad-bandwidth persistent spectral hole-burning organic material is used as a fast optical processor that compares an input temporal-frequency profile with a recorded reference spectral shape. This pattern-recognition procedure relies on a subpicosecond temporal cross-correlation process. The size of the phase-encoding spectral interval exceeds 1 THz. The storage material, the spectral encoder, and the interferometric detector are examined in detail for optimal pattern discrimination. Experimental temporal pattern-recognition results are reported.
The persistent spectral hole burning property is known to add a fourth dimension to the optical data storage volume. Full advantage of the large capacity of such memories and of the intrinsic parallelism due to their optical nature can be taken in an application such as image storage. In this frame, the read-out operation has to be effected at video rate at least. This is not achieved by currently developed image-addressing methods. The present paper proposes a new procedure to overcome the so far encountered limitations.
We study theoretically and experimentally the synthesis of arbitrary time-domain pulse shapes, using short laser pulses scattered by holograms stored in a spectrally selective hole-burning material. In general, writing holograms in spectrally selective materials results in cross talk and interference between different frequencies because of Kramers–Kronig dispersion relations. We discuss different ways to exclude the cross talk that disturbs faithful reproduction of the desired time-domain pulse shapes. In particular, we show that one can exclude the cross talk by writing holograms in a way that simulates a time-domain offset of the object pulse. To confirm our theoretical considerations we carry out experiments by writing persistent spectral hole-burning holograms with a tunable dye laser in an organic dye–polymer system at low temperature. By reading out the time-domain response with subpicosecond white-light pulses we demonstrate the feasibility of spectral synthesis of light pulses with complicated amplitude and phase properties on the time scale of hundreds of picoseconds with a subpicosecond time resolution.