Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Foundations of Physics

Influences, histories, and reality

Bernard d’Espagnat

Published Jul 1, 1996• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02148834

Related papers

On the Physics of History Space: The Ensemble of Histories and Quantum Reality as an Ontological Foundation

Jincheng Zhang

If Richard Feynman's path integral formulation had been proposed not merely as a computational tool for probability amplitudes, but as a fundamental physical ontology—namely, that "all histories collectively constitute reality"—the foundational paradigm of physics would have undergone a profound transformation. Traditional physics treats a single trajectory of a system in spacetime as the primary object and path integration as a summation technique over possible paths. This paper systematically develops an alternative framework: Physics of History Space, where the ensemble of all possible histories serves as the irreduceable primary object of physical description. Within this paradigm, physical reality is defined by the topology, measure, and algebraic structures over the space of histories, rather than being restricted to a single actualized trajectory. We establish the mathematical formulation of history space and re-examine the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the problem of initial conditions in cosmology, and the philosophy of time. We demonstrate that classical single-trajectory spacetime emerges merely as a low-dimensional projection of history space under decoherence and stationary phase limits.

•Jul 25, 2026•0 citations

Physical versus Historical Reality

Henry Margenau

Springer eBooks•Jan 1, 1978•4 citations

Triality-TAO Part 1: Reality as Path-Encoded Information

Novotny, Darryl

Conventional physics often reduces reality to a sequence of static “snapshots” linked by differential equations. Such formulations neglect the role of history—why certain configurations persist while others decohere. Two observations reveal this gap:(1) the composition of a system influences its memory, and(2) coherence can persist across discontinuous events. These motivate the central question this work addresses: how can the Universe remember its path? Reality is not merely a set of states; it is a record of transformations—a living archive of every resonance it has ever sustained. We assert that coherence is the memory of a path: the ordered sequence of operations that carry one configuration into another. This is the foundation of Triality and Topological Algebraic Optics (TAO)—the proposal that the world is best understood not as snapshots of being, but as histories of becoming, measurable through resonance and encoded in phase, topology, and symmetry. The minimal universal substrate of this process is the Clifford Torus, where triadic (threefold) structure—the “law of three”—emerges as the simplest engine of robust memory. This Zenodo record includes:– Part I of the Triality–TAO series (conceptual thesis and foundational equations)– Figures and metadata files for reproducible builds– Reference links to the FreqOS / SyncQutrit Research Group repository Keywords: triadic resonance, path-encoded coherence, Clifford Torus, topological phase, symmetry, physics of memory, frequency coherence, Triality, TAO, quantum information.

•Nov 4, 2025•0 citations

Reality, and Those who Perceive it

John Sanfey

Springer eBooks•Jan 1, 2003•7 citations

Quantum States as Ordinary Information

K. B. Wharton

Despite various parallels between quantum states and ordinary information, quantum no-go-theorems have convinced many that there is no realistic framework that might underly quantum theory, no reality that quantum states can represent knowledge about. This paper develops the case that there is a plausible underlying reality: one actual spacetime-based history, although with behavior that appears strange when analyzed dynamically (one time-slice at a time). By using a simple model with no dynamical laws, it becomes evident that this behavior is actually quite natural when analyzed “all-at-once” (as in classical action principles). From this perspective, traditional quantum states would represent incomplete information about possible spacetime histories, conditional on the future measurement geometry. Without dynamical laws imposing additional restrictions, those histories can have a classical probability distribution, where exactly one history can be said to represent an underlying reality.

arXiv:1403.2374•Information•Mar 7, 2014•41 citations

The pattern of reality

The New Scientist•Mar 1, 2019•0 citations
If Richard Feynman's path integral formulation had been proposed not merely as a computational tool for probability amplitudes, but as a fundamental physical ontology—namely, that "all histories collectively constitute reality"—the foundational paradigm of physics would have undergone a profound transformation. Traditional physics treats a single trajectory of a system in spacetime as the primary object and path integration as a summation technique over possible paths. This paper systematically develops an alternative framework: Physics of History Space, where the ensemble of all possible histories serves as the irreduceable primary object of physical description. Within this paradigm, physical reality is defined by the topology, measure, and algebraic structures over the space of histories, rather than being restricted to a single actualized trajectory. We establish the mathematical formulation of history space and re-examine the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the problem of initial conditions in cosmology, and the philosophy of time. We demonstrate that classical single-trajectory spacetime emerges merely as a low-dimensional projection of history space under decoherence and stationary phase limits.
Conventional physics often reduces reality to a sequence of static “snapshots” linked by differential equations. Such formulations neglect the role of history—why certain configurations persist while others decohere. Two observations reveal this gap:(1) the composition of a system influences its memory, and(2) coherence can persist across discontinuous events. These motivate the central question this work addresses: how can the Universe remember its path? Reality is not merely a set of states; it is a record of transformations—a living archive of every resonance it has ever sustained. We assert that coherence is the memory of a path: the ordered sequence of operations that carry one configuration into another. This is the foundation of Triality and Topological Algebraic Optics (TAO)—the proposal that the world is best understood not as snapshots of being, but as histories of becoming, measurable through resonance and encoded in phase, topology, and symmetry. The minimal universal substrate of this process is the Clifford Torus, where triadic (threefold) structure—the “law of three”—emerges as the simplest engine of robust memory. This Zenodo record includes:– Part I of the Triality–TAO series (conceptual thesis and foundational equations)– Figures and metadata files for reproducible builds– Reference links to the FreqOS / SyncQutrit Research Group repository Keywords: triadic resonance, path-encoded coherence, Clifford Torus, topological phase, symmetry, physics of memory, frequency coherence, Triality, TAO, quantum information.
Despite various parallels between quantum states and ordinary information, quantum no-go-theorems have convinced many that there is no realistic framework that might underly quantum theory, no reality that quantum states can represent knowledge about. This paper develops the case that there is a plausible underlying reality: one actual spacetime-based history, although with behavior that appears strange when analyzed dynamically (one time-slice at a time). By using a simple model with no dynamical laws, it becomes evident that this behavior is actually quite natural when analyzed “all-at-once” (as in classical action principles). From this perspective, traditional quantum states would represent incomplete information about possible spacetime histories, conditional on the future measurement geometry. Without dynamical laws imposing additional restrictions, those histories can have a classical probability distribution, where exactly one history can be said to represent an underlying reality.