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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

A scrambling technique to enhance OCDMA network confidentiality

Valentina Sacchieri, Pedro Teixeira, Antonio Teixeira, Gabriella Cincotti

Published Jul 1, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An all-optical method to enhance confidentiality in optical networks is presented. Security of a P2P OCDMA transmission is analyzed, where data are scrambled by a cascade of encoders, so that the decryption difficulty is increased.
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2009.5226243

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This paper proposes a non-invasive optical scrambling technique to secure optical transmissions at high data rates (>10Gb/s). The proposed method belongs to the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) technique, using spectral phase encoding, based on overlapping of adjacent scrambled/spread pulses to encrypt transmitted data. In our system, data confidentiality is directly related to scrambled/spread pulse interference, avoiding direct detection by a power detector, in contrast to network access application (OCDMA), where this overlapping should be avoided. Our goal is to secure data transmission without impacting the physical layer, by guaranteeing the optical transparency of the encryption technique with respect to conventional transmission equipments. Therefore, we simulated the system penalty as a function of the transmission distance for a bit error rate (BER) target of 10-9 to estimate the impact of the linear and non-linear transmission effects on our encryption technique. We consider a point-to-point span for mono-channel and multi-channel setups where self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) become significant. In the last section, we discuss the resilience of our encryption technique to some realistic attack scenarios. The eavesdropper can use the linear optical sampling (LOS) technique, which with coherence conditions on the waveform under test, permits to extract the amplitude and the phase of each spectral compound, enabling, to determinate the phase filter used to encrypt. Determining the necessary time to crack the mask allows us to establish the mask refreshment to guarantee data confidentiality.
This chapter focuses primarily on summarizing results of research on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) confidentiality and security. It introduces the various classes of security for the readers who may not be familiar with the field of security and encryption. The chapter discusses how the degree of security in an OCDMA network can be quantified. OCDMA may be advantageous for increasing network availability in the presence of interfering signals, because the signal is spread over many wavelengths. The most commonly used architecture for OCDMA networks is the star network. In the star network, data from all users are collected at some central point and then distributed to all users. An eavesdropper in an OCDMA network may tap signals from various locations within the network. The network designer can design some countermeasures to make the eavesdropper's job a bit more difficult. OCDMA provides security at the physical layer of a communication network.
(OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of the desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth. In such a system, the data signal overlap both in time and wavelength. Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of a desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth.In such a systems, data signal overlap both in time and wavelength.Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented.Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered.Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one.Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated.Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.