A pseudo-Stark splitting of the ${B}_{1}(20993 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ and the ${B}_{2}(21068 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ absorption lines in ruby has been observed at 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The splitting of each $B$ line is 2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/V/cm for an electric field parallel to the $c$ axis. This is a factor 3.7 larger than the corresponding splitting of the $R$ lines. There is no observable effect for fields perpendicular to the $c$ axis. Crystal-field theory satisfactorily predicts these properties, which are determined by the symmetry of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ site. The point-charge model does not correctly predict the absolute value of the observed electric splitting, nor the matrix elements of the $B$ lines.A pseudo-Stark splitting of the ${B}_{1}(20993 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ and the ${B}_{2}(21068 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ absorption lines in ruby has been observed at 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The splitting of each $B$ line is 2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/V/cm for an electric field parallel to the $c$ axis. This is a factor 3.7 larger than the corresponding splitting of the $R$ lines. There is no observable effect for fields perpendicular to the $c$ axis. Crystal-field theory satisfactorily predicts these properties, which are determined by the symmetry of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ site. The point-charge model does not correctly predict the absolute value of the observed electric splitting, nor the matrix elements of the $B$ lines.

Physical ReviewAug 17, 196419 citations

Optically generated pseudo-Stark effect in ruby

P. F. Liao, Alexander M. Glass, L. M. Humphrey

We report observations of an optically produced splitting of the luminescence lines of concentrated ruby samples for optical intensities of approximately 200 W/ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ . This splitting is attributed to optical generation of a large, uniform electric field ( ${10}^{6}$ V/cm). At high intensities ( $l>2$ kW/ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ ) high photoconductivity causes the splitting to decrease and disappear. It is suggested that the field-generation mechanism is directional charge transfer via two-step excitation of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion or ion clusters. The required electrical asymmetry is shown to be due to a growth-induced anisotropy of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion distribution.We report observations of an optically produced splitting of the luminescence lines of concentrated ruby samples for optical intensities of approximately 200 W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. This splitting is attributed to optical generation of a large, uniform electric field (${10}^{6}$ V/cm). At high intensities ($l>2$ kW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) high photoconductivity causes the splitting to decrease and disappear. It is suggested that the field-generation mechanism is directional charge transfer via two-step excitation of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion or ion clusters. The required electrical asymmetry is shown to be due to a growth-induced anisotropy of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion distribution.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterSep 1, 198036 citations

Electrical instability and dynamical processes in the excited state of ruby

Alexander A. Kaplyanskii

Journal of LuminescenceJan 1, 19915 citations

B

line is 2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/V/cm for an electric field parallel to the

c

axis. This is a factor 3.7 larger than the corresponding splitting of the

R

lines. There is no observable effect for fields perpendicular to the

c

axis. Crystal-field theory satisfactorily predicts these properties, which are determined by the symmetry of the

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

site. The point-charge model does not correctly predict the absolute value of the observed electric splitting, nor the matrix elements of the

B

lines.

We report observations of an optically produced splitting of the luminescence lines of concentrated ruby samples for optical intensities of approximately 200 W/

{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}

. This splitting is attributed to optical generation of a large, uniform electric field (

{10}^{6}

V/cm). At high intensities (

l>2

kW/

{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}

) high photoconductivity causes the splitting to decrease and disappear. It is suggested that the field-generation mechanism is directional charge transfer via two-step excitation of

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion or ion clusters. The required electrical asymmetry is shown to be due to a growth-induced anisotropy of the

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion distribution.