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Journal of Applied Physics

Optical injection effects and all-optical set-reset operations in two-segment strained multiquantum-well distributed feedback bistable lasers

Jianying Zhou, Michael Čada, G. P. Li, T. Makino

Published Apr 15, 1996• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical injection effects and all-optical set-reset operations in two-segment strained multiquantum-well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) bistable lasers were experimentally investigated. The optical bistable characteristics under detuned optical injection, of strained MQW DFB bistable lasers, show the effect of the residual Fabry–Perot side modes of the DFB structures; optimizing the input wavelength and the input power is suggested for applications. The switching properties of dynamic optical set-reset operations with pulsed optical injection were reported, which appear to be related to the optical bistable characteristics under cw optical injection; however, the switching transients are found to be essential to full understanding of these switching properties.

DOI
10.1063/1.361808

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Optical injection effects and all-optical set-reset operations in two-segment strained multiquantum-well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) bistable lasers were experimentally investigated. The optical bistable characteristics under detuned optical injection, of strained MQW DFB bistable lasers, show the effect of the residual Fabry–Perot side modes of the DFB structures; optimizing the input wavelength and the input power is suggested for applications. The switching properties of dynamic optical set-reset operations with pulsed optical injection were reported, which appear to be related to the optical bistable characteristics under cw optical injection; however, the switching transients are found to be essential to full understanding of these switching properties.
All-optical bistable switching dynamics of 1.55-/spl mu/m two-segment strained multiquantum-well (MQW) distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers were systematically studied both experimentally and theoretically. Some fundamental optical functionalities, including all-optical set-reset (flip-flop) operations, were demonstrated. The switching responses of these bistable lasers were studied, for the first time, with optical injection from a single-mode DFB laser, indicating that the switching dynamics based on gain quenching and absorption saturation are inherently different. A theoretical model including optical injection was developed to study these all-optical bistable switching characteristics in segmented bistable lasers. It was found that the nonuniform distribution of the photon density in the bistable laser cavity induced by optical injection was essential to perform the time-domain switching operations. Simulations showed a good agreement with experimental observations and indicated design improvements. Although the switching responses in the range of tens of picoseconds can be obtained with these bistable lasers, the maximum repetition frequency of the bistable systems would still be limited to the hundreds of megahertz due to the slow carrier recovery time (5 ns) of the lasers.
Optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser amplifier when two optical inputs detuned from the resonant wavelength of a semiconductor laser amplifier are injected is discussed. A split branch is found in the optical output versus input characteristics in addition to conventional optical bistability behavior. It is shown analytically and experimentally that set and reset can be achieved in the optical output of the semiconductor laser amplifier for each wavelength by applying two detuned optical pulses and using the split branch.>
A multi-section DFB-LD shows optical bistability subject to externally injected light signal, then it has potential applications such as wavelength conversion and optical logic gates. In this paper, we have studied the optical bistability in multi-section DFB-LD using split-step time-domain model. It is confirmed that the multi-section DFB-LD, which is excited inhomogeneously, shows bistability. The optical bistable characteristics are investigated when input light is injected into a absorptive region. Simulation results show that multi-section DFB-LD works as a flip-flop depending on the set-reset optical pulse which has a few ns in switching time and a few pj in switching energy, so that it can act as a optical logic device. Besides, if we change the carrier lifetime and the differential gain coefficient, it is expected that the response time of optical output signal can be reduced.
In all-optical switching systems bistable distributed-feedback (DFB) amplifiers are being used experimentally as memory cells and signal regenerators. In this frame a single section DFB amplifier (with one AR coated facet) operating around threshold at 1549 nm is pumped by a similar laser with a carefully controlled frequency detuning. The polarization controlled pump beam is modulated by a Mach-Zehnder switch (2.5 GHz bandwidth) to avoid source frequency chirp. The measurement of a pump reference and of the beam reflected from the amplifier is performed through a fiber directional coupler inserted between the two DFB diodes. Optical bistability has been observed both in transmission and in reflection for a sinewave modulated input in the 1-200 MHz frequency range. The output square wave exhibits up and down switching times lower than 1 ns and about 2 ns, respectively. The latter figure is consistent with the carrier recombination time in InGaAsP active structures, which is the main limit to the recovery time of bistable amplifiers. Work is in progress to investigate this feature in other types of amplifiers (e.g., multisection DFBs and quantum well structures).