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physica status solidi (b)

Nonlinear Optical Behaviour of Absorbing CdSxSe1−x Interference Filters

K. Ferencz, R. Szipöcs

Published Dec 1, 1988• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract First experimental results of nonlinear, thin film interference filter wedges with mixed CdSxSe1−x as spacer material at the 633 nm wavelength of He–Ne laser are reported. Optical bistability is observed with less than 7.5 mW of optical power in single‐cavity structures. The change in refractive index is found to be positive which is in accordance with the thermal mechanism of nonlinearity. Producing a double‐cavity structure a device is obtained which works as an optical astable multivibrator having periodical change of transmission as the function of time.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221500272

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1985•0 citations
Abstract First experimental results of nonlinear, thin film interference filter wedges with mixed CdSxSe1−x as spacer material at the 633 nm wavelength of He–Ne laser are reported. Optical bistability is observed with less than 7.5 mW of optical power in single‐cavity structures. The change in refractive index is found to be positive which is in accordance with the thermal mechanism of nonlinearity. Producing a double‐cavity structure a device is obtained which works as an optical astable multivibrator having periodical change of transmission as the function of time.
The heat flow in evaporated thin film interference filters with CdS spacer and an optional CdSe absorption layer is investigated, analyzing the dynamics of optical bistability. The influence of the spot radius r of the exciting laser beam on the switching parameters is studied experimentally and theoretically. The response to pulsed excitation of the bistable devices can be described with a relaxation time τ~r and an effective nonlinearity χ~r−2 which is inversely proportional to the heat capacity of the bistable element.
Two-photon optical bistability in commercial thin-film interference filters with ZnS and ZnSe spacers is observed with switching times ≳ 200 μs. The accompanying drifting of the bistability loop in time and laser-induced "damage" indicate a thermal mechanism. The problem of water vapor absorption in such filters must be addressed before the inherent potential and advantages of these devices in two-dimensional image processing applications can be realized. Trans- verse effects in GaAs superlattice etalons are observed which cannot be explained on the basis of a plane-wave analysis. The optical nonlinearity in GaAs and diffraction combine to produce drastic effects on the measured beam profiles and bistable loops, due to an intensity-dependent virtual focus. Lastly, the first observation of optical bistability due to a biexcitonic nonlinearity in CuCl etalons is reported with detector-limited switching times of 600 ps. In addition, lasing action along the pump axis in a cavity defined by the end mirrors is observed in a very thin (2.0 μm) CuCl etalon. The lasing transition is unique in that it involves the creation of a virtual excitation of biexcitons which decay to the longitudinal exciton state.
Optical bistability in the presence of an optically induced absorption is observed when a thin 13-μm CdS sample is inserted between two mirrors of 90 % reflectivity, in our experiment, a modulated cw laser of ~15-mW peak power is tuned on each side of the free exciton resonance in CdS, and the transmission characteristics are studied. A theoretical calculation including both absorptive and dispersive effects is presented and good agreement is obtained. The absorption coefficient and the index of refraction of the material are connected by Kramers-Kronig relations. Propagation effects are taken into account. Sufficiently long pulses (40 ms) are considered to allow the thermally induced absorption to occur. For detunings above the free exciton resonance, we predict that counterclockwise hysteresis loops will first be observed as the intensity rises; for detunings below the free exciton resonance, only clockwise hysteresis loops are predicted. These predictions were experimentally verified. Power levels of the order of 5–10 mW were sufficient to observe bistability. Cavity effects were also observed.