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Physical Review A

Optical spin polarization and state-sensitive detection of a cesium atomic beam

Bernardo Jaduszliwer, Yat C. Chan

Published Sep 1, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A cesium atomic beam having a high degree of polarization is prepared by optical pumping with two circularly polarized diode lasers, and a technique for state-sensitive atomic detection involving laser-induced fluorescence in a magnetic field (LIFB) is introduced. An atomic-beam polarization of 93% is measured using the LIFB technique, and the combined use of optical-state preparation and LIFB detection in an atomic-recoil experiment to study spin-changing electron-atom collisions is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.48.2102

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•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations
A cesium atomic beam having a high degree of polarization is prepared by optical pumping with two circularly polarized diode lasers, and a technique for state-sensitive atomic detection involving laser-induced fluorescence in a magnetic field (LIFB) is introduced. An atomic-beam polarization of 93% is measured using the LIFB technique, and the combined use of optical-state preparation and LIFB detection in an atomic-recoil experiment to study spin-changing electron-atom collisions is demonstrated.
A cesium atomic beam having a high degree of polarization is prepared by optical pumping with two circularly polarized diode lasers, and a technique for state-sensitive atomic detection involving laser-induced fluorescence in a magnetic field (LIFB) is introduced. An atomic-beam polarization of 93% is measured using the LIFB technique, and the combined use of optical-state preparation and LIFB detection in an atomic-recoil experiment to study spin-changing electron-atom collisions is demonstrated.
The ground state magnetic sublevel populations of a cesium atomic beam have been measured by laser-induced fluorescence in a 430 G magnetic field. The detected induced fluorescence spectrum is in excellent agreement with calculation. After preparing the beam in the F=4, M=-4 state by optical pumping with diode lasers, this novel detection technique was used to measure a 93% spin polarization of the atomic beam. We have also demonstrated the use of this technique to detect changes in atomic spin after collisions with electrons.
A cesium atomic magnetometer based on laser-pumped rf resonance has been investigated and demonstrated experimentally. Atoms are polarized and pumped to dark states by circularly polarized light. When there exists a magnetic field, the corresponding magnetization will be precessing around the magnetic field at Larmor frequency. By means of adding a resonant rf magnetic field, the atoms will be depolarized and absorb photons again. By detecting the spectrum of the transmitted light, one can obtain the information about the external magnetic field. We build an 894nm external cavity diode laser with a frequency stabilization device, and a low noise magnetic field measurement environment. After the optimization of the magnetometer parameter and closed-loop measurement, an ultimate sensitivity of 19 fT/Hz1/2 and an intrinsic sensitivity of 1.8 pT/Hz1/2 have been achieved with the spatial resolution smaller than 2 cm.
Recently, atomic magnetometers have been reported as the most sensitive magnetometers by completely eliminating the spin exchange relaxation. In this paper, we described a design of highly sensitive cesium atomic magnetometer based on circular dichroism, which had the advantage of easily locking the probing laser to the necessary frequency compared with those based on circular birefringence. In order to polarize the cesium atoms uniformly, the pumping laser light was separated into two counter-propagating and counter-circular polarization beams through the atomic vapor cell. We employed a circular analyzer optical configuration to measure the ellipticity of the probing light, which indicated the amplitude of the magnetic field. The external magnetic field was tracked by a digital auto frequency tracking system.
Abstract A practical method to measure the spin polarization of optically pumped alkali atoms is demonstrated. In order to realize transverse measurement, the transverse spin component of spin-polarized alkali atoms is created by a rotating exciting magnetic field, and detected using the optical rotation of a near-resonant probe beam for realizing a high detection sensitivity. The dependency of the optical rotation on the spin polarization of 133 Cs atoms is derived theoretically and verified experimentally. By changing the direction of the rotating magnetic field, we realize the transverse measurement of the spin polarization of 133 Cs atoms in either ground-state hyperfine level.
The results of two experiments involving the rapid frequency modulation of diode lasers are presented. In the first experiment, a cesium beam of 10('14) atoms/sec is produced with more than 98% of the atoms in a single spin state. The beam is polarized by optically pumping it with a single diode laser whose frequency is switched between the 6s(F = 4)-6p(,3/2)(F = 5) and 6s(F = 3)-6p(,3/2)(F = 4) transitions at 100 kHz. To do this, the frequency response of a diode laser to changes in injection current was first determined and the injection current modified to force a jump of 9.2 GHz in 1.5 (mu)sec. The same laser is used to probe the atomic population distribution simultaneously. In the second experiment, two diode lasers, tuned to the 6s(F = 4)-6p(,3/2)(F = 5) and 6s(F = 3)-6p(,3/2)(F = 4) transitions, are used to cool and stop a beam of cesium atoms. The laser frequencies are swept to keep them in resonance with the slowing atoms. The same lasers are used to probe the resulting velocity distribution. More than 10('10) atoms/sec are slowed to a velocity of 0 (+OR-) 15 m/sec, corresponding to a temperature of 1(DEGREES)K. Both of these experiments demonstrate extremely simple and inexpensive ways to manipulate atomic cesium.