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Physical Review A

Continuous source of phase-controlled entangled two-photon laser

C. H. Raymond Ooi

Published Jul 11, 2007• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that an absolute coherent phase of a laser can be used to manipulate the entanglement of photon pairs in two-photon laser. We present simple physics behind a general master equation for two-photon laser. Our focus is on the generation of a continuous source of macroscopically entangled photon pairs in the double $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ (or Raman) scheme. We show how the steady-state photon numbers and entanglement depend on the laser parameters, especially the phase. We obtain a relationship between entanglement and two-photon correlation. We derive conditions that give steady-state entanglement for the spontaneous Raman-electromagnetic-induced transparency scheme and use it to identify the region with macroscopic entanglement. No entanglement is found for the double resonant Raman scheme.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.013809

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We show that an absolute coherent phase of a laser can be used to manipulate the entanglement of photon pairs in two-photon laser. We present simple physics behind a general master equation for two-photon laser. Our focus is on the generation of a continuous source of macroscopically entangled photon pairs in the double \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ (or Raman) scheme. We show how the steady-state photon numbers and entanglement depend on the laser parameters, especially the phase. We obtain a relationship between entanglement and two-photon correlation. We derive conditions that give steady-state entanglement for the spontaneous Raman-electromagnetic-induced transparency scheme and use it to identify the region with macroscopic entanglement. No entanglement is found for the double resonant Raman scheme.
We show that an absolute coherent phase of a laser can be used to manipulate the entanglement of photon pairs of two-photon laser. Our focus is on the generation of a continuous source of entangled photon pairs in the double ΛΛΛ (or Raman) scheme. We study the dependence of steady state entanglement on the phase and laser parameters. We obtain a relationship between entanglement and two-photon correlation. We derive conditions that give steady state entanglement for the Raman-EIT scheme and use it to identify region of steady state macroscopic entanglement. No entanglement is found for the double resonant Raman scheme for any laser parameters.
The quantum statistical properties of light emitted by a two-photon double Raman laser is investigated. Using the master equation derived in the good-cavity limit, we study the squeezing and entanglement properties of the cavity field. It turns out that the cavity radiation exhibits two-mode squeezing and entanglement in the transient as well as steady state regime for realizable parameters. We establish a connection between two-mode squeezing and entanglement that gives insight into the physical origin of these quantum features. We also discuss the interplay between the laser detuning and amplitude in modifying the properties of the cavity field.
We show that it is possible to achieve laser oscillation and two-mode entanglement by using dressed-state phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a double $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. Under certain conditions, two beams of bichromatic fields induce the depopulation of a coherent superposition state of the two excited states and the quantum beat of a pair of cavity fields. While one of two beams of bichromatic fields dresses the atoms, the other and the pair of cavity fields are in phase-controlled EIT interaction with the dressed atoms. On the basis of this, the pair of cavity fields not only operates well above threshold and exhibit subshot noise but also is in an entangled state. This mechanism suggests an efficient way to achieve bright entangled source of light.
In this paper we propose a scheme in which two-mode entanglement in a steady state is produced by using two lasers to resonantly drive a single four-level atom embedded inside a two-mode optical cavity. In this scheme, atomic coherence induced by a classical laser plays an important role in the process of preparing the entangled state. With the coupling of a strong control field, direct two-photon transition is generated and the relatively weak pump field induces the parametric interaction between two photons, which makes them entangle with each other. By numerical calculation, we find that the degree of entanglement depends strongly on the Rabi frequencies of the classical laser fields and the cavity losses.
We develop a nonlinear theory of a two-photon correlated-spontaneous-emission laser (CEL) by using an effective interaction Hamiltonian for a two-level system coupled by a two-photon transition. Assuming that the active atoms are prepared initially in a coherent superposition of two atomic levels involved in the two-photon transition, we derive a master equation for the field-density operator by using our quantum theory for coherently pumped lasers. The steady-state properties of the two-photon CEL are studied by converting the field master equation into a Fokker-Planck equation for the antinormal-ordering Q representation of the field-density operator. Because of the injected atomic coherence, the drift and diffusion coefficients become phase sensitive. This leads to laser phase locking and an extra two-photon CEL gain. The laser field can build up from a vacuum in the no-population-inversion region, in contrast to an ordinary two-photon laser for which triggering is needed. We find an approximate steady-state solution of the Q representation for the laser field, which consists of two identical peaks of elliptical type. We calculate the phase variance and, for any given mean photon number, obtain the minimum variance in the phase quadrature as a function of the initial atomic variables. Squeezing of the quantum noise in the phase quadrature is found and it exhibits the following features: (1) it is possible only when the laser intensity is smaller than a certain value; (2) it becomes most significant for small mean photon number, which is achievable in the no-population-inversion region; and (3) a maximum of 50% squeezing can be asymptotically approached in the small laser intensity limit. As a by-product we also study the ordinary two-photon laser and find, e.g., photon-number variance and laser linewidth.