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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Generation of Phase Conjugate Wave from a Visible InGaAlP Laser

Yoshinari Awaji, Shuji Sayama, Hiromasa Suzuki, Motoichi Ohtsu Teramachi

Published Mar 1, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the first quantitatively measured results of detuning and spatial characteristics of the phase conjugate wave which is emitted from a Fabry-Perot cavity-type InGaAlP laser. Bandwidth of a nearly-degenerate four-wave mixing was confirmed to be due to the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser. The reflectivity of the phase conjugate mirror and the amplification gain were larger than 10 and 100, respectively. By the off-axial injection of the probe beam to a broad stripe laser, the emitted phase conjugate wave was separated spatially from the pump beam. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing characteristics of an AlGaAs laser were also measured for the first time. Its 3-dB cutoff frequency was as large as 0.1 THz, which was determined by the reciprocal of the half-cycle time of the intracavity light-wave.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.32.1107

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This paper presents the first quantitatively measured results of detuning and spatial characteristics of the phase conjugate wave which is emitted from a Fabry-Perot cavity-type InGaAlP laser. Bandwidth of a nearly-degenerate four-wave mixing was confirmed to be due to the relaxation oscillation frequency of the laser. The reflectivity of the phase conjugate mirror and the amplification gain were larger than 10 and 100, respectively. By the off-axial injection of the probe beam to a broad stripe laser, the emitted phase conjugate wave was separated spatially from the pump beam. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing characteristics of an AlGaAs laser were also measured for the first time. Its 3-dB cutoff frequency was as large as 0.1 THz, which was determined by the reciprocal of the half-cycle time of the intracavity light-wave.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry–Perot semiconductor lasers is studied for pump–probe detunings that range from a few hundred megahertz to as high as 20 GHz. It is observed that the conjugate reflectivity and probe amplification decrease with slopes of −60 and −20 dB per frequency decade, respectively, when the detuning exceeds the relaxation-oscillation frequency. A resonance enhancement of the four-wave mixing signal is observed at both the relaxation-oscillation frequency and twice the relaxation-oscillation frequency. Cascade four-wave mixing signals are observed under a very weak (−37-dBm) input probe beam. A quantitative fit to the nearly degenerate four-wave mixing data is obtained, permitting the extraction of basic semiconductor-laser parameters by use of this technique.
Experimental results are presented regarding the generation and bistable behavior of a conjugated signal obtained through intracavity nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier injected with both pump ($\ensuremath{\omega}$) and probe ($\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$) frequencies. Conjugated reflectivities at $\ensuremath{\omega}+\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$ larger than 500% with 35% efficiency together with bistable behavior in the three signals (pump, probe, and conjugated) are reported.
Summary form only given. Optical phase conjugation through nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor lasers has attracted considerable attention since being first demonstrated by Nakajima and Frey (1985). Such interest arises due to the very high conjugate reflectivity of order 30-40 dB which can be achieved owing to the amplifying effect of the semiconductor gain medium and cavity enhancement of the mixing process. The paper is focused on an experimental study of NDFWM in a two-section single cavity Fabry-Perot (TSSC FP) laser diode for different probe injection powers. We present results on the conjugate reflectivity dependence of the frequency detuning subject to different injection power. It is shown that the conjugate reflectivity is dependent on optical probe injection into either section of a TSSC FP laser diode, injection power and bias current condition.
Nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in Fabry-Perot laser diodes subject to strong probe injection power is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The measured reflectivity efficiencies of signal and conjugate waves demonstrate significantly different behaviors for strong signal injection power, compared to small probe injection power. Nearly uniform conversion efficiency of order 20 - 30 dB for frequency detuning up to 3 GHz is obtained at about 0.8 (mu) W launched probe power. These experimental measurements show good agreement with numerical simulations based on an advanced model taking into account the effects of pump depletion, carrier diffusion, gain saturation as well as gain compression.
Nearly degenerate four wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor laser amplifiers has received attention recently as a means of efficiently generating phase conjugate beams. The high efficiency is due to two factors: (i) intracavity geometry enhances pump efficiency; (ii) an amplifying nonlinear medium results in high coupling efficiency. These factors have combined to give observed conjugate reflectivities of approximately 30/40 dB. The NDFWM process in semiconductor lasers is also very fast ( tau approximately 10/sup -9/s) being limited primarily by the interband relaxation time. Recent theoretical studies, however, have suggested that temporal gratings with THz frequencies may be supportable. It should be noted that NDFWM in semiconductor lasers is quite different from four wave mixing in most other media in that to a first approximation the gratings formed are purely temporal. Spatial effects are normally neglected, both for computational convenience and because carrier diffusion tends to wash out spatial holes. Previously, the authors demonstrated how the temporal nature of the wave mixing process could be exploited to produce a resonant enhancement in a two wave mixing geometry. In this paper, they examine a novel scheme for enhancing the phase conjugate reflectivity via pumping the device resonantly at the detuning frequency. They demonstrate that on resonance, conjugate reflectivities several orders of magnitude greater than those previously reported are possible. >
A general formalism is developed to study intracavity phase conjugation through resonant degenerate four-wave mixing. The effects of spatial hole burning, arising from interference of the counterpropagating pump waves, are fully incorporated. The analysis is applied to discuss intracavity phase conjugation in nonlinear media that can be modeled using either a two-level system or a Λ-type three-level system. In both cases, the phase-conjugate reflectivity exhibits bistability for an appropriate choice of the input parameters. For a two-level system, the tuning characteristics of the Fabry–Perot cavity significantly affect the phase-conjugate spectrum that displays hysteresis when the cavity is detuned from the applied laser frequency.